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UAV collective motion has become a hot research topic in recent years. The realization of UAV collective motion, however, relied heavily on centralized control method and suffered from instability. Inspired by bird flocking theory, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-03 Xiyuan Liu , Li Qiu

Collective migration of animals in a cohesive group is rendered possible by a strategic distribution of tasks among members: some track the travel route, which is time and energy-consuming, while the others follow the group by interacting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-08-05 Benedetto Piccoli , Nastassia Pouradier Duteil , Benjamin Scharf

Classical swarm models, exemplified by the Cucker--Smale framework, provide foundational insights into collective alignment but exhibit fundamental limitations in capturing the adaptive, heterogeneous behaviours intrinsic to living systems.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-09-08 Rene Fabregas , Jie Liao , Nisrine Outada

We present a quantitative continuum theory of ``flocking'': the collective coherent motion of large numbers of self-propelled organisms. Our model predicts the existence of an ``ordered phase'' of flocks, in which all members of the flock…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 John Toner , Yuhai Tu

We establish sufficient conditions for the quick relaxation to kinetic equilibrium in the classic Vicsek-Cucker-Smale model of bird flocking. The convergence time is polynomial in the number of birds as long as the number of flocks remains…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Bernard Chazelle , Kritkorn Karntikoon

Collective motion - or flocking - is an emergent phenomena that underlies many biological processes of relevance, from cellular migrations to animal groups movement. In this work, we derive scaling relations for the fluctuations of the mean…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-02-13 Martino Brambati , Giuseppe Fava , Francesco Ginelli

The cohesive collective motion (flocking, swarming) of autonomous agents is ubiquitously observed and exploited in both natural and man-made settings, thus, minimal models for its description are essential. In a model with continuous space…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-12 Illes J. Farkas , Jeromos Kun , Yi Jin , Gaoqi He , Mingliang Xu

We present the first decentralized multi-copter flock that performs stable autonomous outdoor flight with up to 10 flying agents. By decentralized and autonomous we mean that all members navigate themselves based on the dynamic information…

The problem of guiding a flock of agents to a destination by the repulsion forces exerted by a smaller number of external agents is called the shepherding problem. This problem has attracted attention due to its potential applications,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Anna Fujioka , Masaki Ogura , Naoki Wakamiya

Swarming behavior, where coherent motion emerges from the interactions of many mobile agents, is ubiquitous in physics and biology. Moreover, there are many efforts to replicate swarming dynamics in mobile robotic systems which take…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-06-04 Ira B. Schwartz , Victoria Edwards , Jason Hindes

We study a variant of the Cucker-Smale model where information between agents propagates with a finite speed $\mathfrak{c}>0$. This leads to a system of functional differential equations with state-dependent delay. We prove that, if…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Jan Haskovec

We present the relativistic analogue of the Cucker-Smale model with a bonding force on Riemannian manifold, and study its emergent dynamics. The Cucker-Smale model serves a prototype example of mechanical flocking models, and it has been…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-19 Hyunjin Ahn , Junhyeok Byeon , Seung-Yeal Ha , Jaeyoung Yoon

Understanding collective self-organization in active matter, such as bird flocks and fish schools, remains a grand challenge in physics. Interactions that induce alignment are essential for flocking; however, alignment alone is generally…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-01 Julian Giraldo-Barreto , Viktor Holubec

The movement of a flock with a single leader (and a directed path from it to every agent) can be stabilized. Nonetheless for large flocks perturbations in the movement of the leader may grow to a considerable size as they propagate…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2010-02-09 J. J. P. Veerman

We propose a minimal model of predator-swarm interactions which captures many of the essential dynamics observed in nature. Different outcomes are observed depending on the predator strength. For a "weak" predator, the swarm is able to…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-03-14 Yuxin Chen , Theodore Kolokolnikov

Collective behavior pervades biological systems, from flocks of birds to neural assemblies and human societies. Yet, how such collectives acquire functional properties -- such as joint agency or knowledge -- that transcend those of their…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-01-30 Domenico Maisto , Davide Nuzzi , Giovanni Pezzulo

Many systems in nature, from ferromagnets to flocks of birds, exhibit ordering phenomena on the large scale. In physical systems order is statistically robust for large enough dimensions, with relative fluctuations due to noise vanishing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-04-05 Andrea Cavagna , Irene Giardina , Asja Jelic , Edmondo Silvestri , Massimiliano Viale

As the constituents of a flock are polar, one expects a fore-aft asymmetry in their interactions. We show here that the resulting antisymmetric part of the "exchange coupling" between a bird and its neighbours, if large enough, destabilizes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-06 Lokrshi Prawar Dadhichi , Rahul Chajwa , Ananyo Maitra , Sriram Ramaswamy

We consider the Czir\'ok model for collective motion of locusts along a one-dimensional torus. In the model, each agent's velocity locally interacts with other agents' velocities in the system, and there is also exogenous randomness to each…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-03-12 Josselin Garnier , George Papanicolaou , Tzu-Wei Yang

Collective behaviors such as swarming and flocking emerge from simple, decentralized interactions in biological systems. Existing models, such as Vicsek and Cucker-Smale, lack collision avoidance, whereas the Olfati-Saber model imposes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hossein B. Jond
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