Related papers: Electron cooling by diffusive normal metal - super…
In the presence of Joule heating, the electronic temperature in a metallic resistor placed at sub-Kelvin temperatures can significantly exceed the phonon temperature. Electron cooling proceeds mainly through two processes: electronic…
Employing quasiclassical theory of superconductivity combined with Keldysh technique we investigate large thermoelectric effect in multiterminal ballistic normal-superconducting (NS) hybrid structures. We argue that this effect is caused by…
We examine the nature of the transitions between the normal and the superconducting branches of superconductor-graphene-superconductor Josephson junctions. We attribute the hysteresis between the switching (superconducting to normal) and…
We study the dc conductance and current fluctuations in diffusive voltage biased SNS junctions with a tunnel barrier inside the mesoscopic normal region. We find that at subgap voltages, eV<2Delta/n, the current associated with the chain of…
We study a diffusive superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junction in an environment with intrinsic incoherent fluctuations which couple to the junction through an electromagnetic field. When the temperature of the junction differs…
When biased at a voltage just below a superconductor's energy gap, a tunnel junction between this superconductor and a normal metal cools the latter. While the study of such devices has long been focussed to structures of submicron size and…
We review transport measurements in a normal metal (N) in contact with one or two superconducting (S) islands. From the experiment, we distinguish the Josephson coupling, the mesoscopic fluctuations and the proximity effect. In a…
We investigate how temperature affects transport through large networks of nonlinear conductances with distributed thresholds. In monolayers of weakly-coupled gold nanocrystals, quenched charge disorder produces a range of local thresholds…
Charge transport in a high-transmission single-mode long SINIS junction (S stands for superconductor, I is an insulator, and N is a normal metal) is considered in the limit of low bias voltages and low temperatures. The kinetic equation for…
We develop a detailed analysis of electron transport in normal diffusive con- ductors in the presence of proximity induced superconductivity. A rich structure of temperature and energy dependencies for the system condcutcance, density of…
We have measured the tunnelling current in Nb/Nb$_x$O$_y$/Ni planar tunnel junctions at different temperatures. The junctions are in the intermediate transparency regime. We have extracted the current polarization of the metal/ferromagnet…
Tunneling conductance in diffusive normal metal / insulator / s-wave superconductor (DN/I/S) junctions is calculated for various situations by changing the magnitudes of the resistance and Thouless energy in DN and the transparency of the…
We describe the statistics of temperature fluctuations in a SINIS structure, where a normal metal island (N) is coupled by tunnel junctions (I) to two superconducting leads (S). We specify conditions under which this structure exhibits…
Thermoelectric effects in normal metals and superconductors are usually very small due to the presence of electron-hole symmetry. Here, we show that superconducting junctions brought out of equilibrium manifest a sizable bipolar…
A promising scheme for electron microrefrigeration based on ferromagnet-superconductor contacts is presented. In this setup, cooling power densities up to 600 nW/$\mu$m$^2$ can be achieved leading to electronic temperature reductions…
We report the development of superconducting tantalum nitride (TaN$_{x} $) normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions. For the insulating barrier, we used both AlO$_{x}$ and TaO$_{x}$ (Cu-AlO$_{x}$-Al-TaN$_{x} $ and…
Owing to their sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) junctions are leveraged in various thermal devices. This study illustrates that two NISIN reservoirs can achieve a measurable negative…
We present a simple on-chip electronic thermometer with the potential to operate down to 1 mK. It is based on transport through a single normal-metal - superconductor tunnel junction with rapidly widening leads. The current through the…
In the linear regime, thermo-electric effects between two conductors are possible only in the presence of an explicit breaking of the electron-hole symmetry. We consider a tunnel junction between two electrodes and show that this condition…
We demonstrate shadow evaporation-based fabrication of high-quality ultrasmall normal metal -- insulator -- superconductor tunnel junctions where the thickness of the superconducting electrode is not limited by the requirement of small…