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Hypothesis testing is a central statistical method in psychological research and the cognitive sciences. While the problems of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) have been debated widely, few attractive alternatives exist. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-08 Riko Kelter , Julio Michael Stern

This paper studies the construction of p-values for nonparametric outlier detection, taking a multiple-testing perspective. The goal is to test whether new independent samples belong to the same distribution as a reference data set or are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-12 Stephen Bates , Emmanuel Candès , Lihua Lei , Yaniv Romano , Matteo Sesia

The purpose of this paper is to propose methodologies for statistical inference of low-dimensional parameters with high-dimensional data. We focus on constructing confidence intervals for individual coefficients and linear combinations of…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-11-05 Cun-Hui Zhang , Stephanie S. Zhang

AB-testing is a very popular technique in web companies since it makes it possible to accurately predict the impact of a modification with the simplicity of a random split across users. One of the critical aspects of an AB-test is its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-02 Cyrille Dubarry

When knowledge is obtained from a database, it is only possible to deduce confidence intervals for probability values. With confidence intervals replacing point values, the results in the set covering model include interval constraints for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Richard E. Neapolitan , James Kenevan

Our interest is whether two binomial parameters differ, which parameter is larger, and by how much. This apparently simple problem was addressed by Fisher in the 1930's, and has been the subject of many review papers since then. Yet there…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-20 Michael P. Fay , Sally A. Hunsberger

When testing multiple hypothesis in a survey --e.g. many different source locations, template waveforms, and so on-- the final result consists in a set of confidence intervals, each one at a desired confidence level. But the probability…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 L. Baggio , G. A. Prodi

I proposed (8, 1, 3) that p values should be supplemented by an estimate of the false positive risk (FPR). FPR was defined as the probability that, if you claim that there is a real effect on the basis of p value from a single unbiased…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2020-08-10 David Colquhoun

We present a novel and easy-to-use method for calibrating error-rate based confidence intervals to evidence-based support intervals. Support intervals are obtained from inverting Bayes factors based on a parameter estimate and its standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-28 Samuel Pawel , Alexander Ly , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

We are concerned with the problem of introducing credibility type information into reasoning systems. The concept of credibility allows us to discount information provided by agents. An important characteristic of this kind of procedure is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Ronald R. Yager

Well-recommended methods of forming `confidence intervals' for a binomial proportion give interval estimates that do not actually meet the definition of a confidence interval, in that their coverages are sometimes lower than the nominal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-30 Paul H. Garthwaite , Maha W. Moustafa , Fadlalla G. Elfadaly

The problem of assessing the value of a candidate is viewed here as a multiple combination problem. On the one hand a candidate can be evaluated according to different criteria, and on the other hand several experts are supposed to assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Didier Dubois , Michel Grabisch , Henri Prade , Philippe Smets

Experimental research on behavior and cognition frequently rests on stimulus or subject selection where not all characteristics can be fully controlled, even when attempting strict matching. For example, when contrasting patients to…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-29 Jona Sassenhagen , Phillip M. Alday

Meta-analysis combines results from multiple studies aiming to increase power in finding their common effect. It would typically reject the null hypothesis of no effect if any one of the studies shows strong significance. The partial…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Jingshu Wang , Art B. Owen

In this paper, we develop invariance-based procedures for testing and inference in high-dimensional regression models. These procedures, also known as randomization tests, provide several important advantages. First, for the global null…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-27 Wenxuan Guo , Panos Toulis

Selective inference is a subfield of statistics that enables valid inference after selection of a data-dependent question. In this paper, we introduce selectively dominant p-values, a class of p-values that allow practitioners to easily…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-22 Anav Sood

A common, though not recommended statistical practice is to report confidence intervals if and only if they exclude a null value of 0. The resulting filtered confidence intervals generally do not have their nominal confidence level. More…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Art B. Owen

The validity of classical hypothesis testing requires the significance level $\alpha$ be fixed before any statistical analysis takes place. This is a stringent requirement. For instance, it prohibits updating $\alpha$ during (or after) an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Ben Chugg , Tyron Lardy , Aaditya Ramdas , Peter Grünwald

This note uses a simple example to show how moment inequality models used in the empirical economics literature lead to general minimax relative efficiency comparisons. The main point is that such models involve inference on a low…

Applications · Statistics 2014-12-19 Timothy B. Armstrong

This paper proposes a decorrelation-based approach to test hypotheses and construct confidence intervals for the low dimensional component of high dimensional proportional hazards models. Motivated by the geometric projection principle, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-12-17 Ethan X. Fang , Yang Ning , Han Liu