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Related papers: Multi-Bloch Vector Representation of the Qutrit

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We express the matrix elements of the density matrix of the qutrit state in terms of probabilities associated with artificial qubit states. We show that the quantum statistics of qubit states and observables is formally equivalent to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-16 Vladimir N. Chernega , Olga V. Man'ko , Vladimir I. Man'ko

Physical constraints such as positivity endow the set of quantum states with a rich geometry if the system dimension is greater than two. To shed some light on the complicated structure of the set of quantum states, we consider a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. G. Schirmer , T. Zhang , J. V. Leahy

The two-qubit pure state is explicitly parameterized by three unit 2-spheres and a phase factor. For separable states, two of the three unit spheres are the Bloch spheres of each qubit. The third sphere parameterizes the degree and phase of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 Chu-Ryang Wie

This paper presents an introduction to geometric representations of quantum states in which each distinct quantum state, pure and mixed, corresponds to a unique point in a Euclidean space. Beginning with a review of some underappreciated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Athanasios Kostikas , Yaroslav Valchyshen , Paul Cadden-Zimansky

Quantum state tomography and other measures of the global properties of a quantum state are indispensable tools in understanding many body physics through quantum simulators. Unfortunately, the number of experimental measurements of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Yariv Yanay , Charles Tahan

We consider the kinematics of bi-partite quantum states as determined by observable quantities, in particular the Bloch vectors of the subsystems. In examining the simplest case of a pair of two-level systems, there is a remarkable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-29 Daniel F. V. James

Understanding the evolution of a multi-qubit quantum system, or elucidating what portion of the Hilbert space is occupied by a quantum dataset becomes increasingly hard with the number of qubits. In this context, the visualisation of sets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Alice Barthe , Michele Grossi , Jordi Tura , Vedran Dunjko

Based on the generalized Bloch representation, we study the separability and entanglement of arbitrary dimensional multipartite quantum states. Some sufficient and some necessary criteria are presented. For certain states, these criteria…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Zhi-Bo Chen , Shao-Ming Fei

The extended Bloch representation of quantum mechanics was recently derived to offer a (hidden-measurement) solution to the measurement problem. In this article we use it to investigate the geometry of superposition and entangled states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-02 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

In this paper, we suggest an alternative interpretation for the quantum state vector, which, by considering temporal parts for physical objects, aims to give an intelligible account of measurement problem in quantum mechanics. We examine…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Alireza Mansouri , Mehdi Golshani , Amir Ehsan Karbasizadeh

To visualize a higher dimensional object it is convenient to consider its two-dimensional cross-sections. The set of quantum states for a three level system has eight dimensions. We supplement a recent paper by Goyal et al by considering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-06 Gniewomir Sarbicki , Ingemar Bengtsson

Given an ensemble of qubits, which we are told consists of a mixture of two pure states, one with probability $\eta_{0}$ and one with probability $\eta_{1}$, we want to find a POVM that will discriminate between the two states by measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Mark Hillery

The properties of the geometric phases between three quantum states are investigated in a high-dimensional Hilbert space using the Majorana representation of symmetric quantum states. We found that the geometric phases between the three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-18 Shuhei Tamate , Kazuhisa Ogawa , Masao Kitano

We study the average quantum coherence over the pure state decompositions of a mixed quantum state. An upper bound of the average quantum coherence is provided and sufficient conditions for the saturation of the upper bound are shown. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-07 Ming-Jing Zhao , Teng Ma , Rajesh Pereira

We study restrictions of two-body correlations in three-qubit states, using three local-unitarily invariant coordinates based on the Bloch vector lengths of the marginal states. First, we find tight nonlinear bounds satisfied by all pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Shravan Shravan , Simon Morelli , Otfried Gühne , Satoya Imai

Bloch-vector spaces for $N$-level systems are investigated from the spherical-coordinate point of view in order to understand their geometrical aspects. We show that the maximum radius in each direction, which is due to the construction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gen Kimura , Andrzej Kossakowski

The necessary and sufficient conditions for minimization of the generalized rate error for discriminating among $N$ pure qubit states are reformulated in terms of Bloch vectors representing the states. For the direct optimization problem an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Boris F Samsonov

We study the equivalence of mixed states under local unitary transformations. First we express quantum states in Bloch representation. Then based on the coefficient matrices, some invariants are constructed. This method and results can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Meiyu Cui , Jingmei Chang , Ming-Jing Zhao , Xiaofen Huang , Tinggui Zhang

We present graphical representation for genaralized quantum measurements (POVM). We represent POVM elements as Bloch vectors and find the conditions these vectors should satisfy in order to describe realizable physical measurements. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pawel Kurzynski , Andrzej Grudka

A conception of virtual quantum information bit - virtual qubit - is introduced. It is shown by means of virtual qubit representation that four states of a single quantum particle is enough for implementation of full set of the gates, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Alexander R. Kessel , Vladimir L. Ermakov