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In this paper we address the problem of optimal reconstruction of a quantum state from the result of a single measurement when the original quantum state is known to be a member of some specified set. A suitable figure of merit for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kieran Hunter , Erika Andersson , Claire R. Gilson , Stephen M. Barnett

We study quantum process tomography given the prior information that the map is a unitary or close to a unitary process. We show that a unitary map on a $d$-level system is completely characterized by a minimal set of $d^2{+}d$ elements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-23 Charles H. Baldwin , Amir Kalev , Ivan H. Deutsch

An experiment is performed to reconstruct an unknown photonic quantum state with a limited amount of copies. A semi-quantum reinforcement learning approach is employed to adapt one qubit state, an "agent," to an unknown quantum state, an…

The dynamics of an open quantum system can be fully described and tomographically reconstructed if the experimenter has complete control over the system of interest. Most real-world experiments do not fulfill this assumption, and the amount…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-09 Simon Milz , Felix A. Pollock , Kavan Modi

New techniques based on weak measurements have recently been introduced to the field of quantum state reconstruction. Some of them allow the direct measurement of each matrix element of an unknown density operator and need only $O(d)$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-31 Luca Calderaro , Giulio Foletto , Daniele Dequal , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone

Many quantum states arising in algorithms and physical systems occupy only a small, structured subset of the exponentially large Hilbert space, yet standard quantum state tomography fails to exploit this structure. We present an efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Chi-Kwong Li , Kevin Yipu Wu , Zherui Zhang

The number of measurements required to reconstruct the states of quantum systems increases exponentially with the quantum system dimensions, which makes the state reconstruction of high-qubit quantum systems have a great challenge in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 J. Yang , S. Cong , X. Liu , Z. Li , K. Li

In quantum information transformation and quantum computation, the most critical issues are security and accuracy. These features, therefore, stimulate research on quantum state characterization. A characterization tool, Quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-01 Xudan Chai , Teng Ma , Qihao Guo , Zhangqi Yin , Hao Wu , Qing Zhao

We present a simple and efficient Bayesian recursive algorithm for the data-pattern scheme for quantum state reconstruction, which is applicable to situations where measurement settings can be controllably varied efficiently. The algorithm…

In this contribution we group the operator basis for d^2 dimensional Hilbert space in a way that enables us to relate bases of entangled states with single particle mutually unbiased state bases (MUB), each in dimensionality d. We utilize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 A. Kalev , F. C. Khanna , M. Revzen

Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

We present a method for performing quantum state reconstruction on qubits and qubit registers in the presence of decoherence and inhomogeneous broadening. The method assumes only rudimentary single qubit rotations as well as knowledge of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-14 Karl Tordrup , Klaus Mølmer

We revisit quantum tomography in an informationally incomplete scenario and propose improved state reconstruction methods using deep neural networks. In the first approach, the trained network predicts an optimal linear or quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Mateusz Krawczyk , Pavel Baláž , Katarzyna Roszak , Jarosław Pawłowski

Quantum states are successfully reconstructed using the maximum likelihood estimation on the subspace where the measured projectors reproduce the identity operator. Reconstruction corresponds to normalization of incompatible observations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Z. Hradil , J. Summhammer , H. Rauch

We analyze mean fidelity between random density matrices of size N, generated with respect to various probability measures in the space of mixed quantum states: Hilbert-Schmidt measure, Bures (statistical) measure, the measures induced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Karol Zyczkowski , Hans-Jurgen Sommers

We study the measurement for the unambiguous discrimination of two mixed quantum states that are described by density operators $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$ of rank d, the supports of which jointly span a 2d-dimensional Hilbert space. Based on two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ulrike Herzog

Quantum state reconstruction based on weak continuous measurement has the advantage of being fast, accurate, and almost non-perturbative. In this work we present a pedagogical review of the protocol proposed by Silberfarb et al., PRL 95…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Carlos A. Riofrío , Poul S. Jessen , Ivan H. Deutsch

It is well-known that any two pure quantum states (in the same Hilbert space) can be mapped to any other using unitary transformations. However, previous approaches to this problem required two explicit bases for the Hilbert space, one each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Peter T. J. Bradshaw , Marcus Gouveia , Jonte R. Hance

Quantum state tomography (QST) scales exponentially in both measurement and computational cost, making full reconstruction impractical for multi-qubit systems. Existing approaches attempt to reduce this complexity, but do not explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Ayush Chambyal , Brijesh , Rakesh Sharma

Quantum process tomography conventionally uses a multitude of initial quantum states and then performs state tomography on the process output. Here we propose and study an alternative approach which requires only a single (or few) known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Irene López Gutiérrez , Felix Dietrich , Christian B. Mendl