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Low-latency sliding window algorithms for regular and context-free languages are studied, where latency refers to the worst-case time spent for a single window update or query. For every regular language $L$ it is shown that there exists a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Moses Ganardi , Louis Jachiet , Markus Lohrey , Thomas Schwentick

Limit theorems for non-additive probabilities or non-linear expectations are challenging issues which have raised progressive interest recently. The purpose of this paper is to study the strong law of large numbers and the law of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Li-Xin Zhang

This paper investigates the behavior of statistical ensembles under iteration map induced by discrete integrable Hamiltonian systems in deterministic case and stochastic case, addressing the problem from two perspectives: the Law of Large…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Xinyu Liu , Xinze Zhang , Yong Li

The current standard architecture of Large Language Models (LLMs) with QKV self-attention is briefly summarized, including the architecture of a typical Transformer. Scaling laws for compute (flops) and memory (parameters plus data) are…

General Literature · Computer Science 2025-11-18 William H. Press

We derive in this preprint the moment and exponential tail estimates, sufficient conditions for the Non-Central Limit Theorem (NCLT) in the ordinary one-dimensional space as well as in the space of continuous functions for the properly…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-17 E. Ostrovsky , L. Sirota

Scaling laws describe how language models improve with additional data, parameters, and compute. While widely used, they are typically measured on aggregate test sets. Aggregate evaluations yield clean trends but average over heterogeneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 William Held , David Hall , Percy Liang , Diyi Yang

We extend Riemann's rearrangement theorem on conditionally convergent series of real numbers to multiple instead of simple sums.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-11-08 Jurgen Grahl , Shahar Nevo

In probability theory and statistics, the IID model represents a single population, and a large, potentially infinite sample from this population. Main theorems, in particular the central limit theorem and laws of large number (LLN) assure…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-02 Uwe Saint-Mont

It has long been known that random regular graphs are with high probability good expanders. This was first established in the 1980s by Bollob\'as by directly calculating the probability that a set of vertices has small expansion and then…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-11-05 Michael Lampis

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the (bounded) law of the iterated logarithm for canonical $U$-statistics of arbitrary order $d$, extending the previously known results for $d=2$. The nasc's are expressed as growth conditions…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-06-17 Radosław Adamczak , Rafał Latała

This work will appear as a chapter in a forthcoming volume titled "Topics in Probabilistic Graph Theory". A theory of scaling limits for random graphs has been developed in recent years. This theory gives access to the large-scale geometric…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-18 Louigi Addario-Berry , Christina Goldschmidt

We define, and obtain the meromorphic continuation of, shifted Rankin-Selberg convolutions in one and two variables. As sample applications, this continuation is used to obtain estimates for single and double shifted sums and a Burgess-type…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-03 Jeff Hoffstein , Thomas A. Hulse , Andre Reznikov

For a word $\pi$ and integer $i$, we define $L^i(\pi)$ to be the length of the longest subsequence of the form $i(i+1)\cdots j$, and we let $L(\pi):=\max_i L^i(\pi)$. In this paper we estimate the expected values of $L^1(\pi)$ and $L(\pi)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Alexander Clifton , Bishal Deb , Yifeng Huang , Sam Spiro , Semin Yoo

The scaling properties of the inverse moments of Wigner delay times are investigated in finite one-dimensional (1D) random media with one channel attached to the boundary of the sample. We find that they follow a simple scaling law which is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-06-08 Joshua D. Bodyfelt , J. A. Mendez-Bermudez , Andrey Chabanov , Tsampikos Kottos

The purpose of this note is to verify that the results attained in [6] admit an extension to the multidimensional setting. Namely, for subsets of the two dimensional torus we find the sharp growth rate of the step(s) of a generalized…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-11-13 Itay Londner

We present a number of results relating partial Cauchy-Littlewood sums, integrals over the compact classical groups, and increasing subsequences of permutations. These include: integral formulae for the distribution of the longest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jinho Baik , Eric M. Rains

Under quite general conditions critical phenomena can be described with high order linked cluster expansions. The coefficients of the series admit a graphical expansion that is generated with the aid of computers. Our generalization of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2007-05-23 Hildegard Meyer-Ortmanns , Thomas Reisz

We prove a law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) for an infinite sum of independent indicators parameterized by $t$ as $t\to\infty$. It is shown that if the expectation $b$ and the variance $a$ of the sum are comparable, then the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Dariusz Buraczewski , Alexander Iksanov , Valeriya Kotelnikova

We extend the methods and results of [arXiv 1603.04896] to the setting of multinomial distributions satisfying certain properties. These include all the multinomial distributions arising from the direct proof of the Central Limit Theorem…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-07 Vladimir Dobric , Patricia Garmirian , Lee J. Stanley

This paper extends the nonlinear ISS small-gain theorem to a large-scale time delay system composed of three or more subsystems. En route to proving this small-gain theorem for systems of differential equations with delays, a small-gain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-11-09 Shanaz Tiwari , Yuan Wang , Zhong-Ping Jiang