Related papers: The Quasi-localized Einstein and M{\o}ller Energy …
We construct the thermodynamics of energy magnetization in the presence of gravitomagnetic field. We show that the free energy must be modified to account for the modification of the energy current operator in the presence of a confining…
Quantum Gravity framework motivates us to find new theories in which an observer independent finite energy upper bound (preferably Planck Energy) exists. We have studied the modifications in the thermodynamical properties of a photon gas in…
The quasi-local energy conservation law is derived from the vacuum Einstein's equations on the timelike boundary surface in the canonical (2,2)-formalism of general relativity. The quasi-local energy and energy flux integral agree with the…
An expression for the internal energy of a fluid element in a weakly coupled, magnetized, anisotropic plasma is derived from first principles. The result is a function of entropy, particle density and magnetic field, and as such plays the…
We study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a single particle with two available energy levels, in contact with a classical (Maxwell-Boltzmann) or quantum (Bose-Einstein) heat bath. The particle can undergo transitions between the levels…
Singularities in the metric of the classical solutions to the Einstein equations (Schwarzschild, Kerr, Reissner -- Nordstr\"om and Kerr -- Newman solutions) lead to appearance of generalized functions in the Einstein tensor that are not…
Recent work on the history of General Relativity by Renn, Sauer, Janssen et al. shows that Einstein found his field equations partly by a physical strategy including the Newtonian limit, the electromagnetic analogy, and energy conservation.…
The time-dependent cosmological term arises from the energy-momentum tensor calculated in a state different from the ground state. We discuss the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor on the rhs of Einstein equations in various…
An energy for the homogeneous cosmological models is presented. More specifically, using an appropriate natural prescription, we find the energy within any region with any gravitational source for a large class of gravity theories--namely…
This article considers the quasi-local energy in reference to a general static spacetime. We follow the approach developed by the authors in [19, 20, 7, 9] and define the quasi-local energy as a difference of surface Hamiltonians, which are…
We introduce axiomatically a complete thermodynamic formalism for a single macromolecule, either with or without detailed balance, in an isothermal ambient fluid based on its stochastic dynamics. With detailed balance, the novel theory…
It is well known that, for a wide class of spacetimes with horizons, Einstein equations near the horizon can be written as a thermodynamic identity. It is also known that the Einstein tensor acquires a highly symmetric form near static, as…
Einstein's relation E=Mc^2 between the energy E and the mass M is the cornerstone of the relativity theory. This relation is often derived in a context of the relativistic theory for closed systems which do not accelerate. By contrast,…
A gravitational potential in the relativistic case is introduced as an alternative to Wald's potential used by Verlinde, which reproduces the familiar entropy/area relation S=A/4 (in the natural units) when Verlinde's idea is applied to the…
This paper is devoted to the investigation of the energy-momentum problem in two theories, i.e., General Relativity and teleparallel gravity. We use Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Bergmann-Thomson and M\"{o}ller's prescriptions to evaluate…
The exterior solution for an arbitrary charged, massive source, is studied as a static deviation from the Reissner-Nordstr\o m metric. This is reduced to two coupled ordinary differential equations for the gravitational and electrostatic…
A new term describing interactions between charge and potentials may be added to the right hand side of the Einstein equations. In the proposed term an additional tensor has been introduced containing a charge density, analogous to the…
In this paper we calculate the energy distribution of six cases of Vaidya-solutions in the M{\o}ller prescription. Except the energy complex of M{\o}ller for the monopole solution vanishes everywhere, for other solutions have non-zero…
We use Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Papapetrou and Weinberg energy-momentum complexes to evaluate energy distribution of a regular black hole. It is shown that for a regular black hole, these energy-momentum complexes give the same energy…
In this paper we investigate the link between classical electrodynamics and the mass-energy equivalence principle, in view of the conclusions reached in ref.[1]. A formula for the radius of a charged particle is derived. The formula…