Related papers: Genetic Code and Number Theory
The genetic code is connection between 64 codons, which are building blocks of the genes, and 20 amino acids, which are building blocks of the proteins. In addition to coding amino acids, a few codons code stop signal, which is at the end…
We discuss the similarity of the degeneration structure of the genetic code with a pure number theoretic -- ``divisors code.'' The most interesting thing about our observation is not that there is a connection between number theory and the…
Many people are familiar with the physico-chemical properties of gene sequences. In this paper I present a mathematical perspective: how do mathematical principles such as information theory, coding theory, and combinatorics influence the…
The present paper is devoted to foundations of p-adic modelling in genomics. Considering nucleotides, codons, DNA and RNA sequences, amino acids, and proteins as information systems, we have formulated the corresponding p-adic formalisms…
How does the genome encode the form of the organism? What is the nature of this genomic code? Inspired by recent work in machine learning and neuroscience, we propose that the genome encodes a generative model of the organism. In this…
How to represent the genetic code? Despite the fact that it is extensively known, the DNA mapping into proteins remains as one of the relevant discoveries of genetics. However, modern genomic signal processing usually requires converting…
Understanding how genes interact and relate to each other is a fundamental question in biology. However, current practices for describing these relationships, such as drawing diagrams or graphs in a somewhat arbitrary manner, limit our…
In the near future, all the human genes will be identified. But understanding the functions coded in the genes is a much harder problem. For example, by using block entropy, one has that the DNA code is closer to a random code then written…
Using basic properties of p-adic numbers, we consider a simple new approach to describe main aspects of DNA sequence and genetic code. Central role in our investigation plays an ultrametric p-adic information space which basic elements are…
The rules that specify how the information contained in DNA codes amino acids, is called "the genetic code". Using a simplified version of the Penna nodel, we are using computer simulations to investigate the importance of the genetic code…
Molecular evidence regarding the genetic code has been examined and the findings on the nature of the early events responsible for the amino acid distribution in the code are reported.
The molecular biology revolution of the last seventy five years has transformed our view of living systems. Scientific explanations of biological phenomena are now synonymous with the identification of the genes, proteins, and signaling…
We have presented the basic knowledge on the structure of molecules coding the genetic information, mechanisms of transfer of this information from DNA to proteins and phenomena connected with replication of DNA. In particular, we have…
There is an intrinsic relationship between the molecular evolution in primordial period and the properties of genomes and proteomes of contemporary species. The genomic data may help us understand the driving force of evolution of life at…
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. The code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences,…
The genetic code is the function from the set of codons to the set of amino acids by which a DNA sequence encodes proteins. Since the codons also influence the shape of the DNA molecule itself, the same sequence that encodes a protein also…
The information contained in the genome is insufficient for the control of organism development. Thus, the whereabouts of actual operational directives and workings of the genome remain obscure. In this work, it is suggested that the genome…
In this short paper I consider relation between measurements, numbers and p-adic mathematical physics. p-Adic numbers are not result of measurements, but nevertheless they play significant role in description of some systems and phenomena.…
Background/ Objectives: Resolving the origin of the genetic code is fundamental to understanding how life began its journey out of the chemical world. Since its deciphering some 60 years ago, there is still no general theory of the…
In computer science, we can theoretically neatly separate transmission and processing of information, hardware and software, and programs and their inputs. This is much more intricate in biology, Nevertheless, I argue that Shannon's concept…