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Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Yan Yan , Romer Rosales , Glenn Fung , Jennifer Dy

Pseudo-labeling is a commonly used paradigm in semi-supervised learning, yet its application to semi-supervised regression (SSR) remains relatively under-explored. Unlike classification, where pseudo-labels are discrete and confidence-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Xueqing Sun , Renzhen Wang , Quanziang Wang , Yichen Wu , Xixi Jia , Deyu Meng

In semi-supervised representation learning frameworks, when the number of labelled data is very scarce, the quality and representativeness of these samples become increasingly important. Existing literature on semi-supervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shuvendu Roy , Ali Etemad

Sequential sensor data is generated in a wide variety of practical applications. A fundamental challenge involves learning effective classifiers for such sequential data. While deep learning has led to impressive performance gains in recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Nauman Ahad , Mark A. Davenport

We study the problem of generating keyphrases that summarize the key points for a given document. While sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models have achieved remarkable performance on this task (Meng et al., 2017), model training often relies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Hai Ye , Lu Wang

We consider the problem of training speech recognition systems without using any labeled data, under the assumption that the learner can only access to the input utterances and a phoneme language model estimated from a non-overlapping…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-12-27 Chih-Kuan Yeh , Jianshu Chen , Chengzhu Yu , Dong Yu

Cross-modal data matching refers to retrieval of data from one modality, when given a query from another modality. In general, supervised algorithms achieve better retrieval performance compared to their unsupervised counterpart, as they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Devraj Mandal , Pramod Rao , Soma Biswas

Recently, pseudo label based semi-supervised learning has achieved great success in many fields. The core idea of the pseudo label based semi-supervised learning algorithm is to use the model trained on the labeled data to generate pseudo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Zeping Min , Qian Ge , Cheng Tai

Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

In semi-supervised learning, the prevailing understanding suggests that observing additional unlabeled samples improves estimation accuracy for linear parameters only in the case of model misspecification. In this work, we challenge such a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Kai Chen , Yuqian Zhang

Active learning is an iterative labeling process that is used to obtain a small labeled subset, despite the absence of labeled data, thereby enabling to train a model for supervised tasks such as text classification. While active learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Christopher Schröder , Gerhard Heyer

Semi-supervised learning has attracted significant attention due to the proliferation of applications featuring limited labeled data but abundant unlabeled data. In this paper, we examine the statistical inference problem in an…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Chao Ying , Siyi Deng , Yang Ning , Jiwei Zhao , Heping Zhang

Self-training is a simple yet effective method within semi-supervised learning. The idea is to iteratively enhance training data by adding pseudo-labeled data. Its generalization performance heavily depends on the selection of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-03 Julian Rodemann , Christoph Jansen , Georg Schollmeyer , Thomas Augustin

Deep learning demands a huge amount of well-labeled data to train the network parameters. How to use the least amount of labeled data to obtain the desired classification accuracy is of great practical significance, because for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Xiao Han , Zihao Wang , Enmei Tu , Gunnam Suryanarayana , Jie Yang

A straightforward application of semi-supervised machine learning to the problem of treatment effect estimation would be to consider data as "unlabeled" if treatment assignment and covariates are observed but outcomes are unobserved.…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-15 Andrew Herren , P. Richard Hahn

Grammar competency estimation is essential for assessing linguistic proficiency in both written and spoken language; however, the spoken modality presents additional challenges due to its spontaneous, unstructured, and disfluent nature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sourya Dipta Das , Shubham Kumar , Kuldeep Yadav

In many real-world scenarios, labeled data for a specific machine learning task is costly to obtain. Semi-supervised training methods make use of abundantly available unlabeled data and a smaller number of labeled examples. We propose a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Philip Häusser , Alexander Mordvintsev , Daniel Cremers

Most of the semi-supervised classification methods developed so far use unlabeled data for regularization purposes under particular distributional assumptions such as the cluster assumption. In contrast, recently developed methods of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Tomoya Sakai , Marthinus Christoffel du Plessis , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Through solving pretext tasks, self-supervised learning leverages unlabeled data to extract useful latent representations replacing traditional input features in the downstream task. In audio/speech signal processing, a wide range of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-23 Salah Zaiem , Titouan Parcollet , Slim Essid , Abdel Heba

Self-learning is a classical approach for learning with both labeled and unlabeled observations which consists in giving pseudo-labels to unlabeled training instances with a confidence score over a predetermined threshold. At the same time,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Vasilii Feofanov , Emilie Devijver , Massih-Reza Amini