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In this paper, we analyze the density of the Fibonacci word and its derived forms by examining the morphisms associated with each. It offers a comparative analysis of the density of Fibonacci numbers alongside other words derived from…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Jasem Hamoud , Duaa Abdullah

Let v and w be nontrivial words in two free groups. We prove that, for all sufficiently large finite non-abelian simple groups G, there exist subsets C of v(G) and D of w(G) of size such that every element of G can be realized in at least…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-19 Michael Larsen , Pham Huu Tiep

We consider two variants of those Abelian groups with all proper strongly invariant subgroups isomorphic and give an in-depth study of their basic and specific properties in either parallel or contrast to the Abelian groups with all proper…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Andrey R. Chekhlov , Peter V. Danchev

Two strings x and y are said to be Abelian equivalent if x is a permutation of y, or vice versa. If a string z satisfies z = xy with x and y being Abelian equivalent, then z is said to be an Abelian square. If a string w can be factorized…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-29 Shiho Sugimoto , Naoki Noda , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

The topological group version of the celebrated Banach-Mazur problem asks wether every infinite topological group has a non-trivial separable quotient group. It is known that compact groups have infinite separable metrizable quotient…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-24 Dekui Peng

We show that if the complexity difference function p(n+1)-p(n) of a infinite minimal shift is bounded, then the the automorphism group of the one-sided shift is finite, and the automorphism group of the corresponding two-sided shift "modulo…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-12-02 Ethan Coven , Reem Yassawi

In this paper we study the shifts, which are the shift-invariant and topologically closed sets of configurations over a finite alphabet in $\mathbb{Z}^d$. The minimal shifts are those shifts in which all configurations contain exactly the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Bruno Durand , Andrei Romashchenko

We study the set of $k$-abelian critical exponents of all Sturmian words. It has been proven that in the case $k = 1$ this set coincides with the Lagrange spectrum. Thus the sets obtained when $k > 1$ can be viewed as generalized Lagrange…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Jarkko Peltomäki , Markus A. Whiteland

The downward closure of a language is the set of all (not necessarily contiguous) subwords of its members. It is well-known that the downward closure of every language is regular. Moreover, recent results show that downward closures are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-11 Georg Zetzsche

A reduced word of a permutation $w$ is a minimal length expression of $w$ as a product of simple transpositions. We examine the computational complexity, formulas and (randomized) algorithms for their enumeration. In particular, we prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Cara Monical , Benjamin Pankow , Alexander Yong

We prove a special case of the following conjecture of Zilber-Pink generalising the Manin-Mumford conjecture : let $X$ be a curve inside an Abelian variety $A$ over $\bar{\Q}$, provided $X$ is not contained in a torsion subvariety, the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-01-14 Nicolas Ratazzi

The complexity function of an infinite word $w$ on a finite alphabet $A$ is the sequence counting, for each non-negative $n$, the number of words of length $n$ on the alphabet $A$ that are factors of the infinite word $w$. For any given…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-03-01 C. Mauduit , C. -G. Moreira

Motivated by a conjecture of Frid, Puzynina, and Zamboni, we investigate infinite words with the property that for infinitely many n, every length-n factor is a product of two palindromes. We show that every Sturmian word has this property,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-18 Adam Borchert , Narad Rampersad

We show that every finite Abelian algebra A from congruence-permutable varieties admits a full duality. In the process, we prove that A also allows a strong duality, and that the duality may be induced by a dualizing structure of finite…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-03-18 Wolfram Bentz , Pierre Gillibert , Luís Sequeira

Using orbifold metrics of the appropriately signed Ricci curvature on orbifolds with negative or numerically trivial canonical bundle and the two-dimensional Log Minimal Model Program, we prove that the fundamental group of special compact…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-10-13 Frédéric Campana , Benoît Claudon

We use the non-proper Morse theory of Palais-Smale to investigate the topology of smooth closed subvarieties of complex semi-abelian varieties, and that of their infinite cyclic covers. As main applications, we obtain the finite generation…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Yongqiang Liu , Laurentiu Maxim , Botong Wang

We provide an exact estimate on the maximal subword complexity for quasiperiodic infinite words. To this end we give a representation of the set of finite and of infinite words having a certain quasiperiod q via a finite language derived…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Ronny Polley , Ludwig Staiger

For any countable subgroup $H$ of an unbounded Abelian group $G$ there is a complete Hausdorff group topology $\tau$ such that $H$ is the von Neumann radical of $(G,\tau)$. In particular, we obtain the positive answer to Comfort's question:…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2011-10-10 S. S. Gabriyelyan

We consider rotations on the torus $\mathbb{T}^2$, and we classify them with respect to the complexity functions. In dimension one, a minimal rotation can be coded by a sturmian word. A sturmian word has complexity $n+1$ by the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-05-24 Nicolas Bédaride

We look into a construction of principal abelian varieties attached to certain spin manifolds, due to Witten and Moore-Witten around 2000 and try to place it in a broader framework. This is related to Weil intermediate Jacobians but it also…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-03-07 Stefan Müller-Stach , Chris Peters , Vasudevan Srinivas