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Named Entity Recognition (NER) serves as a foundational component in many natural language processing (NLP) pipelines. However, current NER models typically output a single predicted label sequence without any accompanying measure of…
Probabilistic conceptual network is a knowledge representation scheme designed for reasoning about concepts and categorical abstractions in utility-based categorization. The scheme combines the formalisms of abstraction and inheritance…
Conditioning is a key feature in probabilistic programming to enable modeling the influence of data (also known as observations) to the probability distribution described by such programs. Determining the posterior distribution is also…
Probabilities of causation (PoC) are valuable concepts for explainable artificial intelligence and practical decision-making. PoC are originally defined for scalar binary variables. In this paper, we extend the concept of PoC to continuous…
For a linear combination of random variables, fix some confidence level and consider the quantile of the combination at this level. We are interested in the partial derivatives of the quantile with respect to the weights of the random…
There exist several simple representations of uncertainty that are easier to handle than more general ones. Among them are random sets, possibility distributions, probability intervals, and more recently Ferson's p-boxes and Neumaier's…
We study the properties of the random quantum states induced from the uniformly random pure states on a bipartite quantum system by taking the partial trace over the larger subsystem. Most of the previous studies have adopted a viewpoint of…
There exist many simple tools for jointly capturing variability and incomplete information by means of uncertainty representations. Among them are random sets, possibility distributions, probability intervals, and the more recent Ferson's…
In recent years, there has been an increased need for the use of active systems - systems required to act automatically based on events, or changes in the environment. Such systems span many areas, from active databases to applications that…
We ask to what extent an isolated quantum system can eventually "contract" to be contained within a given Hilbert subspace. We do this by starting with an initial random state, considering the probability that all the particles will be…
We address the statistics of a simultaneous CWLM of two non-commuting variables on a few-state quantum system subject to a conditioned evolution. Both conditioned quantum measurement and that of two non-commuting variables differ…
We introduce a new setting, the category of $\omega$PAP spaces, for reasoning denotationally about expressive differentiable and probabilistic programming languages. Our semantics is general enough to assign meanings to most practical…
Classical probabilistic models of (noisy) quantum systems are not only relevant for understanding the non-classical features of quantum mechanics, but they are also useful for determining the possible advantage of using quantum resources…
Despite the recent successes of probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) in AI applications, PPLs offer only limited support for random variables whose distributions combine discrete and continuous elements. We develop the notion of…
We define and study a new type of quantum oracle, the quantum conditional oracle, which provides oracle access to the conditional probabilities associated with an underlying distribution. Amongst other properties, we (a) obtain speed-ups…
The determination of a quantum observable from the first and second moments of its measurement outcome statistics is investigated. Operational conditions for the moments of a probability measure are given which suffice to determine the…
Complex phase factors are viewed not only as redundancies of the quantum formalism but instead as remnants of unitary transformations under which the probabilistic properties of observables are invariant. It is postulated that a quantum…
A general notion of algebraic conditional plausibility measures is defined. Probability measures, ranking functions, possibility measures, and (under the appropriate definitions) sets of probability measures can all be viewed as defining…
We consider the problem of representation of quantum states and observables in the framework of classical probability theory (Kolmogorov's measure-theoretic axiomatics, 1933). Our aim is to show that, in spite of the common opinion,…
Pusey, Barrett and Rudolph (PBR) have recently given a completely novel argument that restricts the class of possible models for quantum phenomena (arXiv:1111.3328). In these notes the assumptions used by PBR are considerably weakened, to…