Related papers: Quantum Coins
Unforgeable quantum money tokens were the first invention of quantum information science, but remain technologically challenging as they require quantum memories and/or long distance quantum communication. More recently, virtual 'S-money'…
Publicly-verifiable quantum money has been a central and challenging goal in quantum cryptography. To this day, no constructions exist based on standard assumptions. In this study, we propose an alternative notion called quantum cheques…
Digital payments have replaced physical banknotes in many aspects of our daily lives. Similarly to banknotes, they should be easy to use, unique, tamper-resistant and untraceable, but additionally withstand digital attackers and data…
A new cryptographic tool, anonymous quantum key technique, is introduced that leads to unconditionally secure key distribution and encryption schemes that can be readily implemented experimentally in a realistic environment. If quantum…
A quantum cryptosystem is proposed using single-photon states with different frequency spectra as information carriers. A possible experimental implementation of the cryptosystem is discussed.
The no-cloning theorem can be used as a basis for quantum money constructions which guarantee unconditionally unforgeable currency. Existing schemes, however, either (i) require long-term quantum memory and quantum communication between the…
In the 1970s, Wiesner introduced the concept of quantum money, where quantum states generated according to specific rules function as currency. These states circulate among users with quantum resources through quantum channels or…
Quantum money allows a bank to mint quantum money states that can later be verified and cannot be forged. Usually, this requires a quantum communication infrastructure to transfer quantum states between the user and the bank. Gavinsky (CCC…
Publicly verifiable quantum money is a protocol for the preparation of quantum states that can be efficiently verified by any party for authenticity but is computationally infeasible to counterfeit. We develop a cryptographic scheme for…
Methods of quantum mechanics promise information-theoretic security for various protocols in cryptography. However, impossibility of some cryptographic applications such as standard bit commitment, oblivious transfer, multiparty secure…
Quantum technologies hold the promise of not only faster algorithmic processing of data, via quantum computation, but also of more secure communications, in the form of quantum cryptography. In recent years, a number of protocols have…
Public-key cryptosystems for quantum messages are considered from two aspects: public-key encryption and public-key authentication. Firstly, we propose a general construction of quantum public-key encryption scheme, and then construct an…
Quantum money is the first invention in quantum information science, promising advantages over classical money by simultaneously achieving unforgeability, user privacy, and instant validation. However, standard quantum money relies on…
We consider quantum cryptographic schemes where the carriers of information are 3-state particles. One protocol uses four mutually unbiased bases and appears to provide better security than obtainable with 2-state carriers. Another possible…
While classical money can be copied, it is impossible to copy quantum money in principle, with only the bank that issues it knowing how to generate it, meaning only the bank can make exact copies. Not all reliable banks, such as central…
Wiesner's unforgeable quantum money scheme is widely celebrated as the first quantum information application. Based on the no-cloning property of quantum mechanics, this scheme allows for the creation of credit cards used in authenticated…
Quantum coin flipping (QCF) is an essential primitive for quantum cryptography. Unconditionally secure strong QCF with an arbitrarily small bias was widely believed to be impossible. But basing on a problem which cannot be solved without…
A cryptographic algorithm is proposed based on fully quantum mechanical keys and ciphers. Encryption and decryption are carried out via an appropriate measurement process on entangled states as governed by a quantum mechanical, asymmetrical…
Coin flipping is a cryptographic primitive in which two distrustful parties wish to generate a random bit in order to choose between two alternatives. This task is impossible to realize when it relies solely on the asynchronous exchange of…
Recently, the invention of quantum computers was so revolutionary that they bring transformative challenges in a variety of fields, especially for the traditional cryptographic blockchain, and it may become a real thread for most of the…