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James Clerk Maxwell unknowingly discovered a correct relativistic, quantum theory for the light quantum, forty-three years before Einstein postulated the photon's existence. In this theory, the usual Maxwell field is the quantum wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. G. Raymer , Brian J. Smith

With the emergence of super-resolution lenses such as superlens and hyperlens, coupled with advancements in metamaterials, the diffraction limit of approximately half wavelength is no longer unbreakable. However, superlenses are easily…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-24 Tao Hou , Wen Xiao , Huanyang Chen

We show that arbitrary 3D electromagnetic fields are transient solutions to Maxwell's equations and provide a simple equation to find how the field evolves over time. Multiple 3D fields can be realized at different times by superposing with…

Optics · Physics 2025-05-21 Jordan M. Adams , Daniel M. Heligman

Essentially, the idea of improving the resolution of a given imaging system is to enhance its information capacity represented usually by the temporal-bandwidth (or, spatial-spectrum) product. This letter introduces the concept of…

Optics · Physics 2014-03-21 Lianlin Li , Fang Li , Tiejun Cui

Despite much interest and progress in optical spatial cloaking, a three-dimensional (3D), transmitting, continuously multidirectional cloak in the visible regime has not yet been demonstrated. Here we experimentally demonstrate such a cloak…

Optics · Physics 2015-03-10 Joseph S. Choi , John C. Howell

A perfect focus telescope is one in which all rays parallel to the axis meet at a point and give equal magnification there. It is shown that these two conditions define the shapes of both primary and secondary mirrors. Apart from scale, the…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. Lynden-Bell

A perfect lens with unlimited resolution has always posed a challenge to both theoretical and experimental physicists. Recent developments in optical meta-materials promise an attractive approach towards perfect lenses using negative…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-19 Jianjun Cao , Yuanlin Zheng , Yaming Feng , Xianfeng Chen , Wenjie Wan

We describe the properties of birefringent left-handed metamaterials and introduce the concept of a birefringent perfect lens. We demonstrate that, in a sharp contrast to the conventional left-handed perfect lens at $\epsilon=\mu=-1$, where…

An exact solution of the Maxwell equations in Rindler coordinates is obtained. The electromagnetic field represents a wave preserving its shape in a relativistic uniformly accelerated frame. The relation with Airy beams is shown explicitly…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Shahen Hacyan

A Rayleigh wave is a type of surface wave that propagates in the boundary of an elastic solid with traction (or Neumann) boundary conditions. Since the 1980s much work has been done on the problem of constructing a leading term in an…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-01-03 Aric Wheeler , Mark Williams

With a conventional lens sharpness of the image is always limited by the wavelength of light. An unconventional alternative to a lens, a slab of negative refractive index material, has the power to focus all Fourier components of a 2D…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-03 JB Pendry

The limited resolution of a conventional optical microscope stems from the fact that the subwavelength information of an object is carried by evanescent waves, which exponentially decays in space and cannot reach the imaging plane. We…

Optics · Physics 2018-10-17 Wen Fan , Bing Yan , Zengbo Wang , Boris Lukyanchuk , Limin Wu

In this paper we extend for the case of Maxwell equations the "X-shaped" solutions previously found in the case of scalar (e.g., acoustic) wave equations. Such solutions are localized in theory, i.e., diffraction-free and particle-like…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-26 Erasmo Recami

The analogy between electromagnetic waves and ballistic electrons within the Kane's model is developed and subsequently applied to a theoretical description of a quantum version of a metamaterial planar lens. Restrictions imposed on the…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-09-10 I. Hrebikova , L. Jelinek , J. Voves , J. D. Baena

The number of waveguides crossing an intersection increases with the development of complex photonic integrated circuits. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate that Maxwell's fish-eye (MFE) lens can be used as a multiband…

As a lens capable of sending images of deep sub-wavelength objects to the far field, the hyperlens has garnered significant attention for its super-resolution and magnification capabilities. However, traditional hyperlenses require extreme…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-18 Tao Hou , Huanyang Chen

Conventional microscope objective lenses are diffraction limited, which means that they cannot resolve features smaller than half the illumination wavelength. Under white light illumination, such resolution limit is about 250-300 nm for an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-08-26 Bing Yan , Zengbo Wang , Alan Parker , Yukun Lai , John Thomas , Liyang Yue , James Monks

A previous work [1] experimentally confirmed that the special polarization characteristic features of a three-dimensional terahertz (THz) photonic crystal with a silicon inverse diamond structure whose lattice point shape was vacant regular…

Optics · Physics 2019-05-20 Chikara Sakurai

Starting from well-known absolute instruments for perfect imaging, we introduce a type of rotational-symmetrical compact closed manifolds, namely geodesic lenses. We demonstrate that light rays confined on geodesic lenses are closed…

Optics · Physics 2018-02-01 Lin Xu , Xiangyang Wang , Tomáš Tyc , Chong Sheng , Shining Zhu , Hui Liu , Huanyang Chen

We outline a regular way for solving Maxwell's equations. We take, as the starting point, the notion of vector potentials. The rationale for introducing this notion in electrodynamics is that the set of Maxwell's equations is seemingly…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Andrew E Chubykalo , Augusto Espinoza , B P Kosyakov