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The conformal flow of metrics [2] has been used to successfully establish a special case of the Penrose inequality, which yields a lower bound for the total mass of a spacetime in terms of horizon area. Here we show how to adapt the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-28 Qing Han , Marcus Khuri

The most general formulation of Penrose's inequality yields a lower bound for ADM mass in terms of the area, charge, and angular momentum of black holes. This inequality is in turn equivalent to an upper and lower bound for the area in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-07-31 Sergio Dain , Marcus Khuri , Gilbert Weinstein , Sumio Yamada

In general relativity, the Penrose inequality relates the mass and the entropy associated with a gravitational background. If the inequality is violated by an initial Cauchy data, it suggests a creation of a naked singularity, thus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 Igor Itkin , Yaron Oz

A universal geometric inequality for bodies relating energy, size, angular momentum, and charge is naturally implied by Bekenstein's entropy bounds. We establish versions of this inequality for axisymmetric bodies satisfying appropriate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-20 Jaroslaw S. Jaracz , Marcus A. Khuri

The Riemannian Penrose inequality is a remarkable geometric inequality between the ADM mass of an asymptotically flat manifold with non-negative scalar curvature and the area of its outermost minimal surface. A version of the Riemannian…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-12 Po-Ning Chen , Stephen McCormick

Of the various energy conditions which can be assumed when studying mathematical general relativity, intuitively the simplest is the weak energy condition $\mu\geq 0$ which simply states that the observed mass-energy density must be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-14 Jaroslaw S. Jaracz

We present a proof of the Riemannian Penrose inequality with charge $r\leq m + \sqrt{m^2-q^2}$, where $A=4\pi r^2$ is the area of the outermost apparent horizon with possibly multiple connected components, $m$ is the total ADM mass, and $q$…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-04 Marcus Khuri , Gilbert Weinstein , Sumio Yamada

It is well-known that considerations of symmetry lead to the definition of a host of conserved quantities (energy, linear momentum, center of mass, etc.) for an asymptotically flat initial data set, and a great deal of progress in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Levi Lopes de Lima

We introduce a generalized version of the Jang equation, designed for the general case of the Penrose Inequality in the setting of an asymptotically flat space-like hypersurface of a spacetime satisfying the dominat energy condition. The…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-17 Hubert L. Bray , Marcus A. Khuri

We establish a lower bound on the total mass of the time slices of (n + 1)-dimensional asymptotically flat standard static spacetimes under the timelike convergence condition. The inequality can be viewed equivalently as a Minkowski-type…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-11 Brian Harvie

We show that in the conformally flat case the Penrose inequality is satisfied for the Schwarzschild initial data with a small addition of the axially symmetric traceless exterior curvature. In this class the inequality is saturated only for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-09 Jarosław Kopiński , Jacek Tafel

We show how to reduce the general formulation of the mass-angular momentum inequality, for axisymmetric initial data of the Einstein equations, to the known maximal case whenever a geometrically motivated system of equations admits a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-17 Ye Sle Cha , Marcus A. Khuri

We prove a version the Penrose inequality for black hole space-times which are perturbations of the Schwarzschild exterior in a slab around a null hypersurface $\underline{\mathcal{N}}_0$. $\underline{\mathcal{N}}_0$ terminates at past null…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-23 Spyros Alexakis

Motivated by solving the constraint equations in the evolutionary form suggested by R\'acz, we propose a family of asymptotically flat initial data sets which are "asymptotically spherically symmetric" at infinity. Within this family, we…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Armando J. Cabrera Pacheco , Markus Wolff

For asymptotically flat spacetimes the Penrose inequality gives an initial data test for the weak cosmic censorship hypothesis. We give a formulation of this inequality for asymptotically anti-deSitter (AAdS) spacetimes, and show that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-06 Viqar Husain , Suprit Singh

We establish the positive energy theorem and a Penrose-type inequality for 3-dimensional asymptotically hyperboloidal initial data sets with toroidal infinity, weakly trapped boundary, and satisfying the dominant energy condition. In the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-10-05 Aghil Alaee , Pei-Ken Hung , Marcus Khuri

The recent holographic deduction of Penrose inequality only assumes null energy condition while the weak or dominant energy condition is required in usual geometric proof. This paper makes a step toward filling up gap between these two…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-01 Zi-Qing Xiao , Run-Qiu Yang

We demonstrate that the Penrose inequality is valid for spherically symmetric geometries even when the horizon is immersed in matter. The matter field need not be at rest. The only restriction is that the source satisfies the weak energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Edward Malec , Niall Ó Murchadha

We give an alternate proof of one of the results given in [16] showing that initial data sets with boundary for the Einstein equations $(M, g, k)$ satisfying the dominant energy condition can be conformally deformed to the strict dominant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-14 Jaroslaw S. Jaracz

We use the inverse mean curvature flow to establish Penrose-type inequalities for time-symmetric Einstein-Maxwell initial data sets which can be suitably embedded as a hypersurface in Euclidean space $\mathbb R^{n+1}$, $n\geq 3$. In…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-07 Levi Lopes de Lima , Frederico Girão , Weslley Lozório , Juscelino Silva