Related papers: On simple ringoids
A tanglegram consists of two binary rooted trees with the same number of leaves and a perfect matching between the leaves of the trees. We show that the two halves of a random tanglegram essentially look like two independently chosen random…
We investigate near-ring properties that generalize nearfield properties about units. We study zero symmetric near-rings $N$ with identity with two interrelated properties: the units with zero form an additive subgroup of $(N,+)$; the units…
We study functions from a unique factorization monoid to a field. The set of all such functions is a commutative ring isomorphic to a ring of formal power series over the field, with indeterminates indexed by the prime elements of the…
An element in a ring $R$ is called clear if it is the sum of unit-regular element and unit. An associative ring is clear if every its element is clear. In this paper we defined clear rings and extended many results to wider class. Finally,…
Much is known about the adele ring of an algebraic number field from the perspective of Harmonic Analysis and Class Field Theory. However, its ring-theoretical aspects are often ignored. Here we present a description of the prime spectrum…
Here we characterize regular and completely regular ordered semigroups by their minimal bi-ideals. A minimal bi-ideal is expressed as a product of a minimal right ideal and a minimal left ideal. Furthermore, we show that every bi-ideal in a…
The polyadic integer numbers, which form a polyadic ring, are representatives of a fixed congruence class. The basics of polyadic arithmetic are presented: prime polyadic numbers, the polyadic Euler function, polyadic division with a…
A commutative ring is reduced when it can be embedded into a direct product of fields. While the category of reduced commutative rings plays a fundamental role in affine geometry, it exhibits several structural deficiencies: it admits…
In this paper we investigate the question of normality for special monomial ideals in a polynomial ring over a field. We first include some expository sections that give the basics on the integral closure of a ideal, the Rees algebra on an…
Let W be a finite dimensional representation of a linearly reductive group G over a field k. Motivated by their work on classical rings of invariants, Levasseur and Stafford asked whether the ring of invariants under G of the symmetric…
We call a ring R pointwise semicommutative if for any element a in R either l(a) or r(a) is an ideal of R. A class of pointwise semicommutative rings is a strict generalization of semicommutative rings. Since reduced rings are pointwise…
In this book i treat linear algebra over division ring. A system of linear equations over a division ring has properties similar to properties of a system of linear equations over a field. However, noncommutativity of a product creates a…
We study endomorphism rings of principally polarized abelian surfaces over finite fields from a computational viewpoint with a focus on exhaustiveness. In particular, we address the cases of non-ordinary and non-simple varieties. For each…
Spin networks, essentially labeled graphs, are ``good quantum numbers'' for the quantum theory of geometry. These structures encompass a diverse range of techniques which may be used in the quantum mechanics of finite dimensional systems,…
The aim of this paper is to explain, mostly through examples, what groupoids are and how they describe symmetry. We will begin with elementary examples, with discrete symmetry, and end with examples in the differentiable setting which…
Regular groups and fields are common generalizations of minimal and quasi-minimal groups and fields, so the conjectures that minimal or quasi-minimal fields are algebraically closed have their common generalization to the conjecture that…
A commutative ring $R$ is stable if every non-zero ideal $I$ of $R$ is projective over its ring of endomorphisms. Motivated by a paper of Bass in the 1960s, stable rings have received wide attention in the literature ever since then. Much…
We consider rings whose one-sided ideals are close to automorphism-invariant modules. We study rings in which every (finitely generated) right ideal is automorphism invariant and rings in which every right ideal is a finite direct sum of…
We call a finite, spanning set of a semi-simple real Lie algebra a distinguished set if it satisfies the following property: The Lie bracket of any two elements out of the set is, up to some constant, another element in the set; conversely,…
In a paper on the taxonomy of 2-primal rings, examples of various types of rings that are related to commutativity such as reduced, symmetric, duo, reversible and PS~I were given in order to show that the ring class inclusions were strict.…