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Quantum key distribution (QKD) has convincingly been proven compatible with real life applications. Its wide-scale deployment in optical networks will benefit from an optical platform that allows miniature devices capable of encoding the…

The selection of an optimal photodetector area is closely linked to the attainment of higher data rates in optical wireless communication receivers. If the photodetector area is too large, the channel capacity degrades due to lower…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Muhammad Salman Bashir , Qasim Zeeshan Ahmed , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) can guarantee security for practical indoor optical wireless environments. The key challenges are to mitigate artificial lighting and ambient light at the receiver. A new spectral region for QKD is proposed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-29 Vincent Lee , Dominic OBrien

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) enhances information efficiency and noise tolerance by encoding data in large Hilbert spaces. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light provides a scalable basis for such encoding and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Huan Zhang , Zhenyu Cao , Yu Sun , Hu Jin

Integrated photonics provides a route both to miniaturize quantum key distribution (QKD) devices and to enhance their performance. A key element for achieving discrete-variable QKD is a single-photon detector. It is highly desirable to…

Digital signatures guarantee the authorship of electronic communications. Currently used "classical" signature schemes rely on unproven computational assumptions for security, while quantum signatures rely only on the laws of quantum…

Homodyne measurement is a corner-stone of quantum optics. It measures the fundamental variables of quantum electrodynamics - the quadratures of light, which represent the cosine-wave and sine-wave components of an optical field and…

In Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution (DV-QKD), homodyne detection method is frequently employed for its simplicity in use, effectiveness in terms of error correction, and suitability with contemporary optical communication systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-21 Ayesha Jamal , Muhammad Kamran , Tahir Malik , Fahim ul Haq , Muhammad Mubashir Khan

For quantum communications, the use of Earth-orbiting satellites to extend distances has gained significant attention in recent years, exemplified in particular by the launch of the Micius satellite in 2016. The performance of applied…

We consider a continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol over free-space channels, which is simpler and more robust than typical CV QKD protocols. It uses a bright laser, squeezed and modulated in the amplitude…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Matthew S. Winnel , Timothy C. Ralph

Uncertainty in discriminating between different received coherent signals is integral to the operation of many free-space optical communications protocols, and is often difficult when the receiver measures a weak signal. Here we design an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-16 Sanjaya Lohani , Ryan T. Glasser

The secret key rate attained by a free-space QKD system in the {\em near-field} propagation regime (relevant for $1$-$10$ km range using $\approx 7$ cm radii transmit and receive apertures and $1.55~\mu$m transmission center wavelenght) can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-14 Boulat A. Bash , Nivedita Chandrasekaran , Jeffrey H. Shapiro , Saikat Guha

Imperfect devices in commercial quantum key distribution systems open security loopholes that an eavesdropper may exploit. An example of one such imperfection is the wavelength dependent coupling ratio of the fiber beam splitter. Utilizing…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) guarantees the secure communication between legitimate parties with quantum mechanics. High-dimensional QKD (HDQKD) not only increases the secret key rate but also tolerates higher quantum bit error rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 Fang-Xiang Wang , Wei Chen , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a key exchange protocol which is implemented over free space optical links and optical fiber cable. When direct communication is not possible, QKD is performed over fiber cables, but the imperfections in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-14 Vishal Sharma , Subhashish Banerjee

Quantum communication over long distances is integral to information security and has been demonstrated in free space and fibre with two-dimensional polarisation states of light. Although increased bit rates can be achieved using…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols enable two distant parties to communicate with information-theoretically proven secrecy. However, these protocols are generally vulnerable to potential mismatches between the physical modeling and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Corentin Lanore , Xavier Valcarce , Jean Etesse , Anthony Martin , Jean-Daniel Bancal

Implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) need vulnerability assessment against loopholes in their optical scheme. Most of the optical attacks involve injecting or receiving extraneous light via the communication channel. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Hao Tan , Mikhail Petrov , Weiyang Zhang , Liying Han , Sheng-Kai Liao , Vadim Makarov , Feihu Xu , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security and satellite-based quantum key distribution (SatQKD) has demonstrated the potential to extend this communication security to intercontinental scales. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Yaoxuan Yang , Ivi Afxenti , Majid Safari

Improving the secret key rate is one of the vital issues in practical applications of quantum key distribution (QKD). In this paper, we propose an experimental scheme of high-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantum key…

Optics · Physics 2018-06-06 Wei Li , Shengmei Zhao