English
Related papers

Related papers: A Computational Approach to Factoring Large Intege…

200 papers

In this note we describe a new method of counting the number of unordered factorizations of a natural number by means of a generating function and a recurrence relation arising from it, which improves an earlier result in this direction.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-11-24 Shamik Ghosh

In his classic text, \emph{Combinatory Analysis}, MacMahon defined a perfect partition of a positive integer $n$ as a partition whose parts contain exactly one partition of every positive integer not exceeding $n$. In this paper we apply…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Augustine O. Munagi

We give algorithms to factorize large integers in the duality computer. We provide three duality algorithms for factorization based on a naive factorization method, the Shor algorithm in quantum computing, and the Fermat's method in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Wan-Ying Wang , Bin Shang , Chuan Wang , Gui Lu Long

A compression algorithm is presented that uses the set of prime numbers. Sequences of numbers are correlated with the prime numbers, and labeled with the integers. The algorithm can be iterated on data sets, generating factors of doubles on…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gordon Chalmers

We describe an algorithm to compute the essentially different factorizations of a given image primitive integer-valued polynomial $f(X)=g(X)/d\in\Q[X]$, where $g\in\Z[X]$ and $d\in\N$ is square-free, assuming that the factorization of…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2018-10-03 Giulio Peruginelli

We study the factorization of the numbers $N = X^2+c$, where $c$ is a fixed constant, and this independently of the value of gcd$(X,c)$. We prove the existence of a family of sequences with arithmetic difference $(U_n, Z_n)$ generating…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-11-13 Marc Wolf , François Wolf

I develop a function that, for any integer $n \geq 2$, takes a value of 1 if $n$ is prime, 0 if $n$ is composite. I also discuss two applications: First, the characteristic function provides a new expression for the prime counting function.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-03 Jesse Aaron Zinn

We revisit the problem of rigorously and deterministically finding elements of large order in the multiplicative group of integers modulo a natural number $N$. Solving this problem is an essential step in several recent deterministic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-19 David Harvey , Markus Hittmeir

This paper presents an adaptive randomized algorithm for computing the butterfly factorization of a $m\times n$ matrix with $m\approx n$ provided that both the matrix and its transpose can be rapidly applied to arbitrary vectors. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-11 Yang Liu , Xin Xing , Han Guo , Eric Michielssen , Pieter Ghysels , Xiaoye Sherry Li

Let $f(n)$ denote the number of unordered factorizations of a positive integer $n$ into factors larger than $1$. We show that the number of distinct values of $f(n)$, less than or equal to $x$, is at most $\exp \left( C \sqrt{\frac{\log…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-28 R. Balasubramanian , Priyamvad Srivastav

Polynomial factorization in conventional sense is an ill-posed problem due to its discontinuity with respect to coefficient perturbations, making it a challenge for numerical computation using empirical data. As a regularization, this paper…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-09 Wenyuan Wu , Zhonggang Zeng

The theoretical aspects of four integer factorization algorithms are discussed in details in this note. The focus is on the performances of these algorithms on the subset of hard to factor balanced integers N = pq, p < q < 2p. The running…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-09-01 N. A. Carella

Integer factorization is a famous computational problem unknown whether being solvable in the polynomial time. With the rise of deep neural networks, it is interesting whether they can facilitate faster factorization. We present an approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Karlis Freivalds , Emils Ozolins , Guntis Barzdins

The number of steps any classical computer requires in order to find the prime factors of an $l$-digit integer $N$ increases exponentially with $l$, at least using algorithms known at present. Factoring large integers is therefore…

Elementary proofs of unique factorization in rings of arithmetic functions using a simple variant of Euclid's proof for the fundamental theorem of arithmetic.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lincoln Durst

A natural number $n$ is called semi-prime if it is a product of two primes or a square of a prime. We denote $\mathbb{P}_2$ the set of all semi-primes. Our goal is to prove that for fixed integer number $a$ and sufficiently large $x$ the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Do Duc Tam

This note introduces a new class of integer factoring algorithms. Two versions of this method will be described, deterministic and probabilistic. These algorithms are practical, and can factor large classes of balanced integers N = pq, p <…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 N. A. Carella

An extension to the factorisation principle as suggested by Fermat is presented.We start from a symmetry of natural numbers and obtain the factorisation principle therefrom.Later it is extended further to test the primality of any natural…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Satyabrata Adhikari , Abhijit Sen

The following two decision problems capture the complexity of comparing integers or rationals that are succinctly represented in product-of-exponentials notation, or equivalently, via arithmetic circuits using only multiplication and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Kousha Etessami , Alistair Stewart , Mihalis Yannakakis

We consider a joint ordered multifactorisation for a given positive integer $n\geq 2$ into $m$ parts, where $n=n_1~\times~\ldots~\times~n_m$, and each part $n_j$ is split into one or more component factors. Our central result gives an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Ambrose D. Law , Matthew C. Lettington , Karl Michael Schmidt