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We present a high-precision differential abundance analysis of 16 solar-type stars in the Hyades open cluster based on high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ~ 350 - 400) spectra obtained from the McDonald 2.7m telescope. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-07 F. Liu , D. Yong , M. Asplund , I. Ramirez , J. Melendez

We are carrying out a search for planets around a sample of solar twin stars using the HARPS spectrograph. The goal of this project is to exploit the advantage offered by solar twins to obtain chemical abundances of unmatched precision.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-03 I. Ramirez , J. Melendez , J. Bean , M. Asplund , M. Bedell , T. Monroe , L. Casagrande , L. Schirbel , S. Dreizler , J. Teske , M. Tucci Maia , A. Alves-Brito , P. Baumann

We have performed a differential, line-by-line, chemical abundance analysis, ultimately relative to the Sun, of nine very metal-poor main sequence halo stars, near [Fe/H]=$-$2 dex. Our abundances range from…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-05 Erin O'Malley , Andrew McWilliam , Brian Chaboyer , Ian Thompson

Almost all chemical elements have been made by nucleosynthetic reactions in various kind of stars and have been accumulated along our cosmic history. Among those elements, the origin of phosphorus is of extreme interest because it is known…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-05 T. Masseron , D. A. García-Hernández , R. Santoveña , A. Manchado , O. Zamora , M. Manteiga , C. Dafonte

The chemical composition of stars that have orbiting planets provides important clues about the frequency, architecture, and composition of exoplanet systems. We explore the possibility that stars from different galactic populations that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 N. C. Santos , V. Adibekyan , C. Dorn , C. Mordasini , L. Noack , S. C. C. Barros , E. Delgado-Mena , O. Demangeon , J. Faria , G. Israelian , S. G. Sousa

Earth's water, intrinsic oxidation state, and metal core density are fundamental chemical features of our planet. Studies of exoplanets provide a useful context for elucidating the source of these chemical traits. Planet formation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-18 Edward D. Young , Anat Shahar , Hilke E. Schlichting

Ultraviolet spectra of stars recorded by orbiting observatories since the 1970's have revealed absorption features produced by atoms in their favored ionization stages in the neutral ISM of our Galaxy. Most elements show abundances relative…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-02-20 Edward B. Jenkins

Element synthesis which started with p-p chain has resulted in several specific characteristics including lack of any stable isotope having atomic masses 5 or 8. The carbon to oxygen ratio is fixed early by the chain of coincidences. These,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-05-30 Vlado Valkovic

I present a review of chemical evolution models of the solar neighborhood. I give special attention to the necessary ingredients to reproduce the observed [Xi/Fe] ratios in nearby metal and super metal rich stars, and to the chemical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Carigi

Oxygen fugacity is a measure of rock oxidation that influences planetary structure and evolution. Most rocky bodies in the Solar System formed at oxygen fugacities approximately five orders of magnitude higher than a hydrogen-rich gas of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-30 Alexandra E. Doyle , Edward D. Young , Beth Klein , Ben Zuckerman , Hilke Schlichting

In this review we present a brief discussion on the observational evidence in favor of the presence of temperature variations, and conclude that many planetary nebulae show spatial temperature variations that are larger than those predicted…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Manuel Peimbert , Antonio Peimbert

The structural stratification of a solar-type main sequence star primarily depends on its mass and chemical composition. The surface heavy element abundances of the solar-type stars are reasonably well determined using conventional…

The present work aims to examine in detail the depletion of lithium in solar twins to better constrain stellar evolution models and investigate its possible connection with exoplanets. We employ spectral synthesis in the region of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-20 M. Carlos , J. Melendez , L. Spina , L. A. dos Santos , M. Bedell , I. Ramirez , M. Asplund , J. L. Bean , D. Yong , J. Yana Galarza , A. Alves-Brito

Stars of a common origin are thought to have similar, if not nearly identical, chemistry. Chemical tagging seeks to exploit this fact to identify Milky Way subpopulations through their unique chemical fingerprints. In this work, we compare…

The compositions of stars and planets are connected, yet, the definition of "habitability" and the "habitable zone" only take into account the physical relationship between the star and planet. Planets, however, are made truly habitable by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-07 Natalie Hinkel , Cayman Unterborn

Computed color indices and spectral shapes for individual stars are routinely compared with observations for essentially all spectral types, but absolute fluxes are rarely tested. We can confront observed irradiances with the predictions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-09-17 Carlos Allende Prieto

Sun-like stars are a new probe of variations in the fine-structure constant, $\alpha$, via the solar twins approach: velocity separations of close pairs of absorption lines are compared between stars with very similar stellar parameters,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-04 Daniel A. Berke , Michael T. Murphy , Chris Flynn , Fan Liu

The bulk chemical composition and interior structure of rocky exoplanets are of fundamental importance to understanding their long-term evolution and potential habitability. Observations of the chemical compositions of the solar system…

In the last decade, the photospheric solar metallicity as determined from spectroscopy experienced a remarkable downward revision. Part of this effect can be attributed to an improvement of atomic data and the inclusion of NLTE…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Elisabetta Caffau , Hans-Günter Ludwig , Matthias Steffen , Bernd Freytag , Piercarlo Bonifacio

We present preliminary results of a detailed chemical abundance analysis for a sample of solar-type stars known to exhibit excess infrared emission associated with dusty debris disks. Our sample of 28 stars was selected based on results…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Adam M. Ritchey , Guillermo Gonzalez , Myra Stone , George Wallerstein