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Related papers: N-qubit states as points on the Bloch sphere

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A constellation of $N=d-1$ Majorana stars represents an arbitrary pure quantum state of dimension $d$ or a permutation-symmetric state of a system consisting of $n$ qubits. We generalize the latter construction to represent in a similar way…

We present the geometry of pure states of an ensemble of N spin-J systems using a generalisation of the Majorana representation. The approach is based on Schur-Weyl duality that allows for simple interpretation of the state transformation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-14 Piotr Kolenderski

We present a surprisingly simple three-dimensional Bloch sphere representation of a qutrit, i.e., a single three-level quantum system. We start with a symmetric state of a two-qubit system and relate it to the spin-1 representation. Using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-04 Pawel Kurzynski , Adrian Kolodziejski , Wieslaw Laskowski , Marcin Markiewicz

A method to establish a qubit decomposition of a general qudit state is presented. This new representation allows a geometrical depiction of any qudit state in the Bloch sphere. Additionally, we show that the nonnegativity conditions of the…

By representing a quantum state and its evolution with the majorana stars on the Bloch sphere, the Majorana representation (MR) provide us an intuitive way to study a physical system with SU(2) symmetry. In this work, based on coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-03 H. D. Liu , L. B. Fu , Xiaoguang Wang

A generalized Bloch sphere, in which the states of a quantum entity of arbitrary dimension are geometrically represented, is investigated and further extended, to also incorporate the measurements. This extended representation constitutes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

Focusing particularly on one-qubit and two-qubit systems, I explain how the quantum state of a system of n qubits can be expressed as a real function--a generalized Wigner function--on a discrete 2^n x 2^n phase space. The phase space is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 William K. Wootters

By using Majorana's stellar representation, we give a clear geometrical interpretation of the topological phases of inversion-symmetric polymerized models by mapping the Bloch states of multi-band systems to Majorana stars on the Bloch…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-03-24 Chao Yang , Huaiming Guo , Li-Bin Fu , Shu Chen

In the Majorana or stellar representation of quantum states, an arbitrary (pure) state of a spin-1 system is represented by a pair of points on the unit sphere or, equivalently, by a pair of unit vectors. This paper presents an expression…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 P. K. Aravind

Quantum states that are symmetric with respect to permutations of their subsystems appear in a wide range of physical settings, and they have a variety of promising applications in quantum information science. In this thesis the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-08 Martin Aulbach

The two-qubit pure state is explicitly parameterized by three unit 2-spheres and a phase factor. For separable states, two of the three unit spheres are the Bloch spheres of each qubit. The third sphere parameterizes the degree and phase of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 Chu-Ryang Wie

In the field of quantum information science and technology, the representation and visualization of quantum states and related processes are essential for both research and education. In this context, a focus especially lies on ensembles of…

Majorana stars, the $2j$ spin coherent states that are orthogonal to a spin-$j$ state, offer a visualization of general quantum states and may disclose deep structures in quantum states and their evolutions. In particular, the genuine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-18 Chon-Fai Kam , Ren-Bao Liu

We discuss the entanglement properties of symmetric states of $n$ qubits. The Majorana representation maps a generic such state into a system of $n$ points on a sphere. Entanglement invariants, either under local unitaries (LU) or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 P. Ribeiro , R. Mosseri

We generalize the Majorana stellar representation of spin-$s$ pure states to mixed states, and in general to any hermitian operator, defining a bijective correspondence between three spaces: the spin density-matrices, a projective space of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 E. Serrano-Ensástiga , D. Braun

Majorana stars, the $2S$ spin coherent states that are orthogonal to a spin-$S$ state, offer an elegant method to visualize quantum states. This representation offers deep insights into the structure, symmetries, and entanglement properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 L. L. Sanchez-Soto , A. B. Klimov , A. Z. Goldberg , G. Leuchs

The phase space for a system of $n$ qubits is a discrete grid of $2^{n} \times 2^{n}$ points, whose axes are labeled in terms of the elements of the finite field $\Gal{2^n}$ to endow it with proper geometrical properties. We analyze the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-10 A. B. Klimov , C. Munoz , L. L. Sanchez-Soto

Just as any state of a single qubit or 2-level system can be obtained from any other state by a rotation operator parametrized by three real Euler angles, we show how any state of an n-qubit or 2^n-level system can be obtained from any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 W. E. Baylis , R. Cabrera , C. Rangan

We express the matrix elements of the density matrix of the qutrit state in terms of probabilities associated with artificial qubit states. We show that the quantum statistics of qubit states and observables is formally equivalent to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-16 Vladimir N. Chernega , Olga V. Man'ko , Vladimir I. Man'ko

Understanding the structure of multi-qubit quantum states is essential for both quantum information research and education, yet intuitive visualization beyond the single-qubit Bloch sphere remains challenging. In this work, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Satoru Shoji