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Let (a,b,c)be a Pythagorean triple with c being the hypotenuse length, and h being the altitude to the hypotenuse. Also, let v,k,l be positive integers with k and l being relatively prime.We say(Definition1 in this work)that the Pythagorean…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2011-10-04 Konstantine Zelator

Recent interest in noncircular trigonometric proofs has underscored the need for alternative methodologies. Jackson and Johnson's 2024 study addresses a longstanding gap in the foundations of trigonometric proofs. Inspired by the work of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Shoya Kise , Takesa Uehara , Takashi Shinzato

Consider a curve $\Gamma$ in a domain $D$ in the plane $\boldsymbol R^2$. Thinking of $D$ as a piece of paper, one can make a curved folding $P$ in the Euclidean space $\boldsymbol R^3$. The singular set $C$ of $P$ as a space curve is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Atsufumi Honda , Kosuke Naokawa , Kentaro Saji , Masaaki Umehara , Kotaro Yamada

In Euclidean geometry, the Pythagorean theorem is presented as an equation involving three squares. This paper explores how analogous expressions may be identified in spherical and hyperbolic geometries.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Kazuhiro Ichihara , Akira Ushijima

A regular polyhedron of type {p, q} has at least 2pq flags, and it is called tight if it has exactly 2pq flags. The values of p and q for which there exist tight orientably regular polyhedra were previously known. We determine for which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-12 Gabe Cunningham , Daniel Pellicer

We find explicit formulas for the radii and locations of the circles in all the optimally dense packings of two, three or four equal circles on any flat torus, defined to be the quotient of the Euclidean plane by the lattice generated by…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-15 Madeline Brandt , William Dickinson , AnnaVictoria Ellsworth , Jennifer Kenkel , Hanson Smith

We prove that any $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^2$, not all on a line or circle, determine at least $\frac{1}{4}n^2-O(n)$ ordinary circles (circles containing exactly three of the $n$ points). The main term of this bound is best possible for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-05 Hossein Nassajian Mojarrad , Frank de Zeeuw

Retaining the combinatorial Euclidean structure of a regular icosahedron, namely the 20 equiangular (planar) triangles, the 30 edges of length 1, and the 12 different vertices together with the incidence structure, we investigate variations…

Richmond and Richmond (American Mathematical Monthly 104 (1997), 713--719) proved the following theorem: If, in a metric space with at least five points, all triangles are degenerate, then the space is isometric to a subset of the real…

The general formulas for finding the quantity of all primitive and nonprimitive triples generated by the given number x have been proposed. Also the formulas for finding the complete quantity of the representations of the integers as a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-08 Emil Asmaryan

Archimedes showed that the area between a parabola and any chord $AB$ on the parabola is four thirds of the area of triangle $\Delta ABP$, where P is the point on the parabola at which the tangent is parallel to the chord $AB$. Recently,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-02-05 Dong-Soo Kim , Dong Seo Kim

It is shown that Pythagorean triples can be used to generate matrices that have integer eigenvalues for all permutations of their coefficients, via simple formulas. For example, each and every permutation of the $2\times2$ matrix…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Michael J. W. Hall

Among several things, we find the side density for random triangles circumscribing the unit circle and calculate that its median is 5.5482.... An analogous exact computation for perimeter density remains open.

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Steven R. Finch

We study the following family of problems: Given a set of $n$ points in convex position, what is the maximum number triangles one can create having these points as vertices while avoiding certain sets of forbidden configurations. As…

We consider the Keplerian arcs around a fixed Newtonian center joining two prescribed distinct positions in a prescribed flight time. We prove that, putting aside the "opposition case" where infinitely many planes of motion are possible,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Alain Albouy , Antonio J. Ureña

A rational perfect cuboid is a rectangular parallelepiped whose edges and face diagonals are given by rational numbers and whose space diagonal is equal to unity. Finding such a cuboid is equivalent to finding a perfect cuboid with all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-08-07 Ruslan Sharipov

Given a family of sets on the plane, we say that the family is intersecting if for any two sets from the family their interiors intersect. In this paper, we study intersecting families of triangles with vertices in a given set of points. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-19 Peter Frankl , Andreas Holmsen , Andrey Kupavskii

Richmond and Richmond (Amer. Math. Monthly 104 (1997), 713--719) proved the following theorem: If, in a metric space with at least five points, all triangles are degenerate, then the space is isometric to a subset of the real line. We prove…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-10-30 Vašek Chvátal , Ida Kantor

A compact circle-packing $P$ of the Euclidean plane is a set of circles which bound mutually disjoint open discs with the property that, for every circle $S\in P$, there exists a maximal indexed set $\{A_{0},\ldots,A_{n-1}\}\subseteq P$ so…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Miek Messerschmidt

A Pythagorean n-tuple is an integer solution of x_1^2+...+x_{n-1}^2=x_n^2. For n=4 and n=6, the Pythagorean n-tuples admit a parametrization by a single n-tuple of polynomials with integer coefficients (which is impossible for n=3). For…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-01-04 Sophie Frisch , Leonid Vaserstein
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