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This paper presents an enhancement to Grover's search algorithm for instances where the number of items (or the size of the search problem) $N$ is not a power of 2. By employing an efficient algorithm for the preparation of uniform quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

The landmark Grover algorithm for amplitude amplification serves as an essential subroutine in various type of quantum algorithms, with guaranteed quantum speedup in query complexity. However, there have been no proposal to realize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-28 Hiroyuki Tezuka , Kouhei Nakaji , Takahiko Satoh , Naoki Yamamoto

Grover's Search algorithm was a breakthrough at the time it was introduced, and its underlying procedure of amplitude amplification has been a building block of many other algorithms and patterns for extracting information encoded in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 Austin Gilliam , Marco Pistoia , Constantin Gonciulea

Grover's algorithm is a quantum search algorithm that proceeds by repeated applications of the Grover operator and the Oracle until the state evolves to one of the target states. In the standard version of the algorithm, the Grover operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Tim Byrnes , Gary Forster , Louis Tessler

Grover's algorithm, orginally conceived as a means of searching an unordered database, can also be used to extract solutions from the result sets generated by quantum computations. The Grover algorithm exploits the concept of an oracle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Fintan M. Bolton

Quantum computation, in particular Grover's algorithm, has aroused a great deal of interest since it allows for a quadratic speedup to be obtained in search procedures. Classical search procedures for an $N$ element database require at most…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-09 Luís Tarrataca , Andreas Wichert

We review Grover's algorithm by means of a detailed geometrical interpretation and a worked out example. Some basic concepts of Quantum Mechanics and quantum circuits are also reviewed. This work is intended for non-specialists which have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Lavor , L. R. U. Manssur , R. Portugal

We present a continuous time quantum search algorithm analogous to Grover's. In particular, the optimal search time for this algorithm is proportional to $\sqrt{N}$, where $N$ is the database size. This search algorithm can be implemented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Romanelli , A. Auyuanet , R. Donangelo

$ $In its usual form, Grover's quantum search algorithm uses $O(\sqrt{N})$ queries and $O(\sqrt{N} \log N)$ other elementary gates to find a solution in an $N$-bit database. Grover in 2002 showed how to reduce the number of other gates to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-24 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Ronald de Wolf

Searching large databases is an important problem with broad applications. The Grover search algorithm provides a powerful method for quantum computers to perform searches with a quadratic speedup in the number of required database queries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-05 C. Figgatt , D. Maslov , K. A. Landsman , N. M. Linke , S. Debnath , C. Monroe

We report the implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm in the scalable system of trapped atomic ion quantum bits. Any one of four possible states of a two-qubit memory is marked, and following a single query of the search space,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 K. -A. Brickman , P. C. Haljan , P. J. Lee , M. Acton , L. Deslauriers , C. Monroe

Small, controllable, highly accessible quantum systems can serve as probes at the single quantum level to study multiple physical effects, for example in quantum optics or for electric and magnetic field sensing. The applicability of…

We present a systematic construction of quantum circuits implementing Grover's database search algorithm for arbitrary number of targets. We introduce a new operator which flips the sign of the targets and evaluate its circuit complexity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-31 Yuji Tanaka , Tsubasa Ichikawa , Masahito Tada-Umezaki , Yukihiro Ota , Mikio Nakahara

In the Grover-type quantum search process a search operator is iteratively applied, say, k times, on the initial database state. We present an additive decomposition scheme such that the iteration process is expressed, in the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 F. M. Toyama , W. van Dijk

The success probability of a search of $M$ targets from a database of size $N$, using Grover's search algorithm depends critically on the number of iterations of the composite operation of the oracle followed by Grover's diffusion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Simanraj Sadana

We provide a tight analysis of Grover's recent algorithm for quantum database searching. We give a simple closed-form formula for the probability of success after any given number of iterations of the algorithm. This allows us to determine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Michel Boyer , Gilles Brassard , Peter Hoeyer , Alain Tapp

Grover's search algorithm searches a database of $N$ unsorted items in $O(\sqrt{N/M})$ steps where $M$ represents the number of solutions to the search problem. This paper proposes a scheme for searching a database of $N$ unsorted items in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. S. Gupta , M. Gupta , A. Pathak

The main idea in the original Grover search (Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 325 (1997)) is to single out a target state containing the solution to a search problem by amplifying the amplitude of the state, following the Oracle's job, i.e., a black…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 W. L. Yang , H. Wei , F. Zhou , W. L. Chang , M. Feng

A simple circuit implementation of the oracle for Grover's quantum search of a real unstructured classical database is proposed. The oracle contains a kind of quantumly accessible classical memory, which stores the database.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-18 Bogusław Broda

The Grover algorithm is a crucial solution for addressing unstructured search problems and has emerged as an essential quantum subroutine in various complex algorithms. By using a different approach with previous studies, this research…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Yifan Sun , Lian-Ao Wu