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Related papers: The Evolution of Overconfidence

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Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has enabled them to communicate their confidence in natural language, improving transparency and reliability. However, this expressiveness is often accompanied by systematic overconfidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Ki Jung Seo , Sehun Lim , Taeuk Kim

Selection shapes all kinds of behaviors, including how we make decisions under uncertainty. The risk attitude reflected from it should be simple, flexible, yet consistent. In this paper we engaged evolutionary dynamics to find the decision…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-06-22 Songjia Fan , Yi Tao , Cong Li

Human history has been marked by social instability and conflict, often driven by the irreconcilability of opposing sets of beliefs, ideologies, and religious dogmas. The dynamics of belief systems has been studied mainly from two distinct…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-02-08 Nathaniel Rodriguez , Johan Bollen , Yong-Yeol Ahn

Evolutionary games provide the theoretical backbone for many aspects of our social life: from cooperation to crime, from climate inaction to imperfect vaccination and epidemic spreading, from antibiotics overuse to biodiversity…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-04 I. Sendiña-Nadal , I. Leyva , M. Perc , D. Papo , M. Jusup , Z. Wang , J. A. Almendral , P. Manshour , S. Boccaletti

The concept of fitness as a measure for a species's success in natural selection is central to the theory of evolution. We here investigate how reproduction rates which are not constant but vary in response to environmental fluctuations,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-10-21 Anna Melbinger , Massimo Vergassola

Repeated interaction between individuals is the main mechanism for maintaining cooperation in social dilemma situations. Variants of tit-for-tat (repeating the previous action of the opponent) and the win-stay lose-shift strategy are known…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-11-08 Shoma Tanabe , Naoki Masuda

How do incentive levels affect strategic behaviour? We address this with an experiment that separately identifies own- and opponent-incentive effects in two dominance-solvable games that differ in strategic complexity. Higher own incentives…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-30 Teresa Esteban-Casanelles , Duarte Gonçalves

Natural selection imply that any organisms including human being will evolve to improve its fitness advantage and the selected genotype or phenotype in equilibrium state will not vary over the time. However, evolutionary process of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-30 Jia-Xu Han , Rui-Wu Wang

At any moment in time, evolution is faced with a formidable challenge: refining the already highly optimised design of biological species, a feat accomplished through all preceding generations. In such a scenario, the impact of random…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-20 Alessandro Fontana , Marios Kyriazis

Trust is one of the cornerstones of human society. One of the evolutionary pressure mechanisms that may have led to its emergence is the presence of incentives for trustworthy behavior. However, this type of reward has received relatively…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-10 Haidong Zhang , Chaoqian Wang , Shuo Liu , Charo I. del Genio , Stefano Boccaletti , Xin Lu

Intelligence can be understood as an agent's ability to predict its environment's dynamic by a level of precision which allows it to effectively foresee opportunities and threats. Under the assumption that such intelligence relies on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-12 Christoph Jahnz

Trust is a fundamental concept that underpins the coherence and resilience of social systems and shapes human behavior. Despite the importance of trust as a social and psychological concept, the concept has not gained much attention from…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-03-08 Hussein Abbass , Garrison Greenwood , Eleni Petraki

Group discussions are a way for individuals to exchange ideas and arguments in order to reach better decisions than they could on their own. One of the premises of productive discussions is that better solutions will prevail, and that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Liye Fu , Lillian Lee , Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil

Cooperation is a key driver of human social progress. Studies of the evolution of cooperation typically assume a deterministic outcome for social interactions. But in real-world social interactions, interaction outcomes are often subject to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-14 Jiapeng Yu , Anzhi Sheng , Long Wang

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into workflows, humans must decide when to rely on AI advice. These decisions depend on general efficacy beliefs, i.e., humans' confidence in their own abilities and their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Philipp Spitzer , Joshua Holstein

The tendency of repeating past choices more often than expected from the history of outcomes has been repeatedly empirically observed in reinforcement learning experiments. It can be explained by at least two computational processes:…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Isabelle Hoxha , Leo Sperber , Stefano Palminteri

For billions of years, evolution has been the driving force behind the development of life, including humans. Evolution endowed humans with high intelligence, which allowed us to become one of the most successful species on the planet.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Dan Hendrycks

A defining feature of human culture is that knowledge and technology continually improve over time. Such cumulative cultural evolution (CCE) probably depends far more heavily on how reliably information is preserved than on how efficiently…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-10-07 Marcel Montrey , Thomas R. Shultz

Beliefs and values are increasingly being incorporated into our AI systems through alignment processes, such as carefully curating data collection principles or regularizing the loss function used for training. However, the meta-alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Qiuyi , Zhang , Michael S. Lee , Sherol Chen

In social situations with which evolutionary game is concerned, individuals are considered to be heterogeneous in various aspects. In particular, they may differently perceive the same outcome of the game owing to heterogeneity in…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-07 Naoki Masuda