Related papers: A Parametrization of Cosmic Ray Shower Profiles Ba…
The current methods to determine the primary energy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are different when dealing with hadron or photon primaries. The current experiments combine two different techniques, an array of surface…
Improved statistics and mass-composition-sensitive observation are required to clarify the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Inevitably in the future, the UHECR observatories will have to be expanded due to the small flux;…
A general approach to a fast simulation of electromagnetic showers using parameterizations of the longitudinal and radial profiles in homogeneous and sampling calorimeters is described. The dependence of the shower development on the…
We present a reconstruction algorithm for extensive air showers with zenith angles between 65$^\circ$ and 85$^\circ$ measured with radio antennas in the 30-80 MHz band. Our algorithm is based on a signal model derived from CoREAS…
A new approach to simulate fluorescence photons produced in extensive air showers is described. A Monte Carlo program based on CORSIKA produces the fluorescence photons for each charged particle in the development of the shower. This method…
We study basic characteristics of distributions of the depths of shower maximum in air showers caused by cosmic rays with the highest energies. The consistency between their average values and widths, and their energy dependences are…
Using simulations of geosynchrotron radiation from extensive air showers, we present a relation between the shape of the geosynchrotron radiation front and the distance of the observer to the maximum of the air shower. By analyzing the…
Radio Cherenkov emission underlines detection of high energy particles via a signal growing like the particle-energy-squared. Cosmic ray-induced electromagnetic showers are a primary application. While many studies have treated the…
Air fluorescence measurements of cosmic ray energy must be corrected for attenuation of the atmosphere. In this paper we show that the air-showers themselves can yield a measurement of the aerosol attenuation in terms of optical depth,…
In this article I review the main theoretical problems that are posed by the highest energy end of the observed cosmic ray spectrum, stressing the importance of establishing their composition in order to decide between proposed scenarios. I…
Measuring radio emission from air showers provides excellent opportunities to directly measure all air shower properties, including the shower development. To exploit this in large-scale experiments, a simple and analytic parameterization…
Digital radio detection of cosmic-ray air showers has emerged as an alternative technique in high-energy astroparticle physics. Estimation of the detection efficiency of cosmic-ray radio arrays is one of the few remaining challenges…
The current generation of air shower radio arrays has demonstrated that the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum Xmax can be reconstructed with high accuracy. These experiments are now contributing to mass composition studies in the…
We present an introductory lecture on general features of cosmic rays, for non-experts, and some recent developments concerning cascade equations for air shower developments.
Several experiments measure the fluorescence light produced by extensive air showers in the atmosphere. This light is converted into a longitudinal shower profile from which information on the primary energy and composition is derived. The…
The radio intensity and polarization footprint of a cosmic-ray induced extensive air shower is determined by the time-dependent structure of the current distribution residing in the plasma cloud at the shower front. In turn, the time…
Cosmic ray air showers are known to emit pulsed radio emission at frequencies around a few tens of MHz. Accompanying the experimental efforts of the LOPES project, situated at the KASCADE-Grande site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, we…
The mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is an open problem in astroparticle physics. It is usually inferred from the depth of the shower maximum (Xmax) of cosmic-ray showers, which is only ambiguously determined by modern…
The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) balloon-borne experiment was first flown from Antarctica in December 2004. The instrument includes a tungsten/Sci-Fi calorimeter preceded by a graphite target (~0.5 interaction length and ~1…
The atmospheric depth of the air shower maximum $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ is an observable commonly used for the determination of the nuclear mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Direct measurements of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ are…