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Binary black holes are the most abundant source of gravitational-wave observations. Gravitational-wave observatories in the next decade will require tremendous increases in the accuracy of numerical waveforms modeling binary black holes,…

This paper presents techniques and results for simulations of unequal mass, non-spinning black hole binaries with pseudo-spectral methods. Specifically, we develop an efficient root-finding procedure to ensure the black hole initial data…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Luisa T. Buchman , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Mark A. Scheel , Bela Szilagyi

Simulations of binary black hole systems using the Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC) are done on a computational domain that excises the regions inside the black holes. It is imperative that the excision boundaries are outflow boundaries with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-29 Daniel A. Hemberger , Mark A. Scheel , Lawrence E. Kidder , Béla Szilágyi , Geoffrey Lovelace , Nicholas W. Taylor , Saul A. Teukolsky

Numerical relativity simulations provide a full description of the dynamics of binary systems, including gravitational radiation. The waveforms produced by these simulations have a number of applications in gravitational-wave detection and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-09 Taylor Knapp , Katerina Chatziioannou , Keefe Mitman , Mark A. Scheel , Michael Boyle , Lawrence E. Kidder , Harald Pfeiffer

We present a new pseudo-spectral code for the simulation of evolution systems that are second order in space. We test this code by evolving a non-linear scalar wave equation. These non-linear waves can be stably evolved using very simple…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Wolfgang Tichy

Numerical relativity simulations of merging black holes provide the most accurate description of the binary dynamics and the emitted gravitational wave signal. However, practical considerations such as imperfect initial data and initial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-17 Taylor Knapp , Katerina Chatziioannou , Harald Pfeiffer , Mark A. Scheel , Lawrence E. Kidder

Astrophysical black holes could be nearly extremal (that is, rotating nearly as fast as possible); therefore, nearly extremal black holes could be among the binaries that current and future gravitational-wave observatories will detect.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 Mark A. Scheel , Matthew Giesler , Daniel A. Hemberger , Geoffrey Lovelace , Kevin Kuper , Michael Boyle , Bela Szilagyi , Lawrence E. Kidder

Observation and characterisation of gravitational waves from binary black holes requires accurate knowledge of the expected waveforms. The late inspiral and merger phase of the waveform is obtained through direct numerical integration of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-27 Ian Hinder , Serguei Ossokine , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Alessandra Buonanno

The measurement of multiple ringdown modes in gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers will allow for testing fundamental properties of black holes in General Relativity, and to constrain modified theories of gravity. To enhance…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-26 Huan Yang , Kent Yagi , Jonathan Blackman , Luis Lehner , Vasileios Paschalidis , Frans Pretorius , Nicolas Yunes

We study Bayesian inference of black hole ringdown modes for simulated binary black hole signals. We consider to what extent different fundamental ringdown modes can be identified in the context of black hole spectroscopy. Our simulated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-10 Jahed Abedi , Collin D. Capano , Shilpa Kastha , Alexander H. Nitz , Yi-Fan Wang , Julian Westerweck , Alex B. Nielsen , Badri Krishnan

The ringdown phase following a binary black hole merger is usually assumed to be well described by a linear superposition of complex exponentials (quasinormal modes). In the strong-field conditions typical of a binary black hole merger,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Jose A. Gonzalez , Ulrich Sperhake

We present a highly accurate, fully analytical model for the late inspiral, merger, and ringdown of black-hole binaries with arbitrary mass ratios and spin vectors, including the contributions of harmonics beyond the fundamental mode. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-22 Sean T. McWilliams

A remarkable series of breakthroughs in numerical relativity modeling of black hole binary mergers has occurred over the past few years. This paper provides a general overview of these exciting developments, focusing on recent progress in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Joan M. Centrella

Parameter estimation of binary-black-hole merger events in gravitational-wave data relies on matched-filtering techniques, which, in turn, depend on accurate model waveforms. Here we characterize the systematic biases introduced in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-08 Tyson B. Littenberg , John G. Baker , Alessandra Buonanno , Bernard J. Kelly

In general relativity, when two black holes merge they produce a rotating (Kerr) black hole remnant. According to perturbation theory, the remnant emits "ringdown" radiation: a superposition of exponentials with characteristic complex…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-15 Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Emanuele Berti , Vishal Baibhav , Roberto Cotesta

Calculations of the final merger stage of binary black hole evolution can only be carried out using full scale numerical relativity simulations. This article provides a general overview of these calculations, highlighting recent progress…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Joan M. Centrella

Scalar fields of masses between $10^{-21}\rm{eV}/c^2$ and $10^{-11} \rm{eV}/c^2$ can exhibit enhanced gravitational interactions with black holes, and form scalar clouds around them. Such a cloud modifies the dynamics of a coalescing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-24 Cheng-Hsin Cheng , Giuseppe Ficarra , Helvi Witek

We present results from a new code for binary black hole evolutions using the moving-puncture approach, implementing finite differences in generalised coordinates, and allowing the spacetime to be covered with multiple communicating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-23 Denis Pollney , Christian Reisswig , Erik Schnetter , Nils Dorband , Peter Diener

We describe the methods and results of numerical simulations of coalescing black holes. The simulation in dynamical spacetime covers the inspiral, merger, and ringdown phases. We analyze the emission of gravitational waves and properties of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-20 Agnieszka Janiuk , Szymon Charzynski
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