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Three billion years after the big bang (at redshift z=2), half of the most massive galaxies were already old, quiescent systems with little to no residual star formation and extremely compact with stellar mass densities at least an order of…

(Abridged) We analyse Hubble Space Telescope images of a complete sample of 341 galaxies drawn from both the Canada France and Autofib/Low Dispersion Survey Spectrograph ground-based redshift surveys. We discuss morphological…

Two-dimensional surface photometry derived from Hubble Space Telescope imaging is presented for a sample of 225 early-type galaxies (assumed to be cluster members) in the fields of 9 clusters at redshifts $0.17 < z < 1.21$. The 94 luminous…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 David Schade , L. Felipe Barrientos , Omar Lopez-Cruz

We present size measurements of 78 high-redshift ($z\geq 5.5$) galaxy candidates from the Reionisation Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS). These distant galaxies are well-resolved due to the gravitational lensing power of foreground galaxy…

As part of a larger program to identify and characterize possible low-redshift analogs to massive compact red galaxies found at high redshift, we have examined the morphologies of three low-redshift compact galaxies drawn from the sample of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Hsin-Yi Shih , Alan Stockton

We use the Mitchell Spectrograph (formerly VIRUS-P) on the McDonald Observatory 2.7m Harlan J. Smith Telescope to search for the chemical signatures of massive elliptical galaxy assembly. The Mitchell Spectrograph is an integral-field…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Jenny E. Greene , Jeremy D. Murphy , Julia M. Comerford , Karl Gebhardt , Joshua J. Adams

Surveys with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have discovered candidate galaxies in the first 400 Myr of cosmic time. Preliminary indications have suggested these candidate galaxies may be more massive and abundant than previously thought.…

Luminous Compact Galaxies are enigmatic sources by many aspects. They can reach the luminosity of the Milky Way within a radius of only a few kpc. They also represent one of the most rapidly evolving populations of galaxies since they…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Puech , F. Hammer , H. Flores , G. Ostlin , T. Marquart

We use the high angular resolution in the near-infrared of the WFC3 on HST to determine YHVz color-color selection criteria to identify and characterize 1.5<z<3.5 galaxies in the HUDF09 and ERS (GOODS-South) fields. The WFC3 NIR images…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 E. Cameron , C. M. Carollo , P. A. Oesch , R. J. Bouwens , G. D. Illingworth , M. Trenti , I. Labbe , D. Magee

We detect four isolated, X-ray over-luminous (Lx>2e43 [h/0.5]**-2 erg/s) elliptical galaxies (OLEGs) in our 160 square degree ROSAT PSPC survey. The extent of their X-ray emission, total X-ray luminosity, total mass, and mass of the hot gas…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Vikhlinin , B. R. McNamara , A. Hornstrup , H. Quintana , W. Forman , C. Jones , M. Way

We measure seeing-corrected ellipticities for 2 x 10^6 galaxies with magnitude R<23 in 12 widely separated fields totalling 75 deg^2 of sky. At angular scales >30\arcmin, ellipticity correlations are detected at high significance and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 M. Jarvis , G. Bernstein , B. Jain , P. Fischer , D. Smith , J. A. Tyson , D. Wittman

We have developed an efficient photometric technique for identifying young early-type galaxy candidates using a combination of photometric redshifts, spectral-type classification, and optical/near-infrared colors. Applying our technique to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Thomas H. Puzia , Bahram Mobasher , Paul Goudfrooij

We report discovery of actively star forming elliptical galaxies in a morphologically classified sample of bright galaxies at a low redshift obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The emission lines of these galaxies do not show the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Masataka Fukugita , Osamu Nakamura , Edwin L. Turner , Joe Helmboldt , R. C. Nichol

We present a 2D kinematic analysis out to ~2-5 effective radii (Re) of 33 massive elliptical galaxies with stellar velocity dispersions larger than 150 km/s. Our observations were taken using the Mitchell Spectrograph (formerly VIRUS-P), a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 Sudhir Raskutti , Jenny Greene , Jeremy Murphy

The last decade of research on elliptical galaxies has produced a wealth of new information concerning both their detailed structure and their global scaling relations. We review the old and new results about isophote shapes and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ralf Bender , Roberto P. Saglia

We present the analysis of a large sample of early-type galaxies (ETGs) at 0<z<3 aimed at tracing the cosmic evolution of their size and compare it with a model of pure dissipationless (dry) merging in the LambdaCDM framework. The effective…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 A. Cimatti , C. Nipoti , P. Cassata

We study the evolution of star-forming galaxies with $10^{10} M_\odot<M_*<10^{11.6} M_\odot$ over the redshift range of 0.7<z<1.2 using the emission line galaxies (ELGs) in the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). By…

At redshift z = 2, when the Universe was just three billion years old, half of the most massive galaxies were extremely compact and had already exhausted their fuel for star formation(1-4). It is believed that they were formed in intense…

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