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This paper presents a computationally fast algorithm for estimating, both, the system and observation noise covariances of nonlinear dynamics, that can be used in an ensemble Kalman filtering framework. The new method is a modification of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-04-21 Yicun Zhen , John Harlim

This manuscript derives locally weighted ensemble Kalman methods from the point of view of ensemble-based function approximation. This is done by using pointwise evaluations to build up a local linear or quadratic approximation of a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Philipp Wacker

Geoscientific applications of ensemble Kalman filters face several computational challenges arising from the high dimensionality of the forecast covariance matrix, particularly when this matrix incorporates localization. For square-root…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Robin Armstrong , Ian Grooms

The sample covariance matrix of a random vector is a good estimate of the true covariance matrix if the sample size is much larger than the length of the vector. In high-dimensional problems, this condition is never met. As a result, in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-11-12 Michael Tsyrulnikov , Arseniy Sotskiy

The Ensemble Kalman filter and Ensemble square root filters are data assimilation methods used to combine high dimensional nonlinear models with observed data. These methods have proved to be indispensable tools in science and engineering…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-31 Xin T Tong , Andrew J Majda , David Kelly

Continuous data assimilation (CDA) is a method that continuously integrates observational data into a dynamical system to improve model accuracy in real-time. The AOT algorithm is one of the most widely used methods in CDA due to its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Ning Ning , Collin Victor

We present a method of using classical wavelet based multiresolution analysis to separate scales in model and observations during data assimilation with the ensemble Kalman filter. In many applications, the underlying physics of a phenomena…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-09 Kyle S. Hickmann , Humberto C. Godinez

Inferring the state and unknown parameters of a network of coupled oscillators is of utmost importance. This task is made harder when only partial and noisy observations are available, which is a typical scenario in realistic…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-04-07 Lauren D. Smith , Georg A. Gottwald

A physics-based methodology for the determination of the localization function for the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is proposed. The spatial features of such function evolve dynamically over time according to the relevant instantaneous…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-13 Sarp Er , Marcello Meldi

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a data assimilation technique that uses an ensemble of models, updated with data, to track the time evolution of a usually non-linear system. It does so by using an empirical approximation to the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-12 Elizabeth Hou , Earl Lawrence , Alfred O. Hero

In this article we propose and develop a new methodology which is inspired from Kalman filtering and multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC), entitle the multilevel localized ensemble Kalman--Bucy Filter (MLLEnKBF). Based on the work of Chada et al.…

Computation · Statistics 2025-02-25 Neil K. Chada

Ensemble Kalman inversion is a parallelizable derivative-free method to solve inverse problems. The method uses an ensemble that follows the Kalman update formula iteratively to solve an optimization problem. The ensemble size is crucial to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Yoonsang Lee

We explore the potential of three-dimensional data assimilation for assimilating sparsely-distributed 2-metre temperature observations across the coupled atmosphere-land interface into the soil moisture. Using idealised twin experiments…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Tobias Finn , Gernot Geppert , Felix Ament

The Ensemble Kalman Filters (EnKF) employ a Monte-Carlo approach to represent covariance information, and are affected by sampling errors in operational settings where the number of model realizations is much smaller than the model state…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-06 Andrey A Popov , Adrian Sandu , Elias D. Nino-Ruiz , Geir Evensen

Ensemble Kalman methods were initially developed to solve nonlinear data assimilation problems in oceanography, but are now popular in applications far beyond their original use cases. Of particular interest is climate model calibration. As…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-11-21 Rebecca Gjini , Matthias Morzfeld , Oliver R. A. Dunbar , Tapio Schneider

Filtering is concerned with online estimation of the state of a dynamical system from partial and noisy observations. In applications where the state of the system is high dimensional, ensemble Kalman filters are often the method of choice.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Omar Al Ghattas , Jiajun Bao , Daniel Sanz-Alonso

Two recent works have adapted the Kalman-Bucy filter into an ensemble setting. In the first formulation, BR10, the full ensemble is updated in the analysis step as the solution of single set of ODEs in pseudo-BGR09, the ensemble of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-09-03 Javier Amezcua , Kayo Ide , Eugenia Kalnay , Sebastian Reich

Data assimilation combines dynamical models with observations to improve state estimates. Ensemble filters sequentially assimilate observations by updating a set of samples over time, alternating between a forecast and an analysis step.…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-26 Mathieu Le Provost , Jan Glaubitz , Youssef Marzouk

We present recent results on the existence of a continuous time limit for Ensemble Kalman Filter algorithms. In the setting of continuous signal and observation processes, we apply the original Ensemble Kalman Filter algorithm proposed by…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-08 Theresa Lange , Wilhelm Stannat

Despite the widespread usage of discrete generation Ensemble Kalman particle filtering methodology to solve nonlinear and high dimensional filtering and inverse problems, little is known about their mathematical foundations. As genetic-type…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Pierre del Moral , Emma Horton