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For many years, there seemed to be significant differences between the continuum intensity distributions derived from observations and simulations of the solar photosphere. In order to settle the discussion on these apparent discrepancies,…

Since May 1, 2010, we have been able to study (almost) continuously the vector magnetic field in the Sun, thanks to two space-based observatories: the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Hinode. Both are equipped with instruments able to…

The present work illustrates the potential of a new diagnostic technique that allows the measurement of the coronal magnetic field strength in solar active regions utilizing a handful of bright \ion[Fe x] and \ion[Fe xi] lines commonly…

Sunspot numbers are important tracers of historical solar activity. They are important in the prediction of oncoming solar maximum, in the design of lifetimes of space assets, and in assessing the extent of solar-radiation impact on the…

Helioseismology and solar modelling have enjoyed a golden era thanks to decades-long surveys from ground-based networks such as for example GONG, BiSON, IRIS and the SOHO and SDO space missions which have provided high-quality helioseismic…

The great success of Helioseismology resides in the remarkable progress achieved in the understanding of the structure and dynamics of the solar interior. This success mainly relies on the ability to conceive, implement, and operate…

Observations of transition region emission in solar active regions represent a powerful tool for determining the properties of hot coronal loops. In this Letter we present the analysis of new observations of active region moss taken with…

When inverting solar spectra, image degradation effects that are present in the data are usually approximated or not considered. We develop a data reduction method that takes these issues into account and minimizes the resulting errors. By…

The Sun's proximity offers us a unique opportunity to study in detail the physical processes on a star's surface; however, the highly dynamic nature of the stellar surface -- in particular, energetic eruptions such as flares and coronal…

Observations with the Hinode spectro-polarimeter have revealed strong horizontal internetwork magnetic fields in the quiet solar photosphere. We aim at interpreting the observations by means of results from numerical simulations. Radiative…

NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides high resolution observations of the solar atmosphere through UV spectroscopy and imaging. Since the launch of IRIS in June 2013, we have conducted systematic observation campaigns…

The solar atmosphere is extremely dynamic, and many important phenomena develop on small scales that are unresolved in observations with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). For…

Spatial variation in the intensity of magnetospheric and ionospheric fluctuation during solar storms creates ground-induced currents, of importance in both infrastructure engineering and geophysical science. This activity is currently…

The emergence of a new discipline called space weather, which aims at understanding and predicting the impact of solar activity on the terrestrial environment and on technological systems, has led to a growing need for analysing solar…

This article reviews some of the leading results obtained in solar dynamo physics by using temporal oscillator models as a tool to interpret observational data and dynamo model predictions. We discuss how solar observational data such as…

Spicules have been observed on the sun for more than a century, typically in chromospheric lines such as H-alpha and Ca II H. Recent work has shown that so-called 'type II' spicules may have a role in providing mass to the corona and the…

We introduce the concept of a Background-subtracted Solar Activity Map (BaSAM) as a new quantitative tool to assess and visualize the temporal variation of the photospheric magnetic field and the UV 160 nm intensity. The method utilizes…

The Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) is a collection of ground-based automated telescopes observing oscillations of the Sun. The network has been operating since the early 1990s. We present development work on a prototype next…

With recent missions such as advanced space-based observatories like the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Parker Solar Probe, and ground-based telescopes like the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), the volume, velocity, and…

Unlike other stars, the surface of the Sun can be spatially resolved to a high degree of detail. But the Sun can also be observed as if it was a distant star. The availability of solar disk-resolved and disk-integrated spectra offers an…