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This work proposes a view of probability as a relative measure rather than an absolute one. To demonstrate this concept, we focus on finite outcome spaces and develop three fundamental axioms that establish requirements for relative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-30 Max Sklar

The convolution of a function with an isotropic Gaussian appears in many contexts such as differential equations, computer vision, signal processing, and numerical optimization. Although this convolution does not always have a closed form…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-03-08 Hossein Mobahi

Consider a spherical Poisson Boolean model $Z$ in Euclidean $d$-space with $d \geq 2$, with Poisson intensity $t$ and radii distributed like $rY$ with $r \geq 0$ a scaling parameter and $Y$ a fixed nonnegative random variable with finite…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-12 Mathew D. Penrose , Xiaochuan Yang

An open problem in general relativity has been to construct an asymptotically flat solution to a reasonable Einstein-matter system containing a black hole in the future and yet past-causally geodesically complete, in particular, containing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Mihalis Dafermos

We study the probability distribution of the number of zeros of multivariable polynomials with bounded degree over a finite field. We find the probability generating function for each set of bounded degree polynomials. In particular, in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Ritik Jain , Han-Bom Moon , Peter Wu

We study a pure death process. At each discrete time every individual dies or not independently of each other with a constant probability. We give examples showing that in a certain limit extinction happens along a path where one and only…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Luiz Renato Fontes , Rinaldo B. Schinazi

In this paper, we consider a stochastic system described by a differential equation admitting a spatially varying random coefficient. The differential equation has been employed to model various static physics systems such as elastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-09-18 Jingchen Liu , Xiang Zhou

We consider three models (elliptic, flat and hyperbolic) of Gaussian random analytic functions distinguished by invariance of their zeroes distribution. Asymptotic normality is proven for smooth functionals (linear statistics) of the set of…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mikhail Sodin , Boris Tsirelson

The classical Galton--Watson process works with a fixed probability of fission at each time step. One of the generalizations is that the probabilities depend on time. We consider one of the most complex and interesting cases when we do not…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Anton A. Kutsenko

General relativity predicts the existence of black holes, compact objects whose spacetimes depend on only their mass, spin, and charge in vacuum (the "no hair" theorem). As various observations probe deeper into the strong fields of black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-26 Sarah J. Vigeland

We discuss concrete examples for frame functions and their associated density operators, as well as for non-Gleason type probability measures.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Sebastian Rieder , Karl Svozil

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the volume of the excursion set of a function $f:\mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}$ above a given threshold, under a probability measure on $\mathbb{R}^d$ that is assumed to be known. In the…

Computation · Statistics 2012-04-26 Julien Bect , David Ginsbourger , Ling Li , Victor Picheny , Emmanuel Vazquez

We derive the isoperimetric profile of Gaussian type for an absolutely continuous probability measure on Euclidean spaces with respect to the Lebesgue measure, whose density is a radial function.The key is a generalization of the Poincar\'e…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-01-01 Asuka Takatsu

Geometrically, zeroes of a Gaussian analytic function are intersection points of an analytic curve in a Hilbert space with a randomly chosen hyperplane. Mathematical physics provides another interpretation as a gas of interacting particles.…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mikhail Sodin

The curvature perturbations produced during an early era of inflation are known to have quasi-Gaussian distribution functions close to their maximum, where they are well constrained by measurements of the cosmic microwave background…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-08 Jose María Ezquiaga , Juan García-Bellido , Vincent Vennin

The radial collapse of a homogeneous disk of collisionless particles can be solved analytically in Newtonian gravitation. To solve the problem in general relativity, however, requires the full machinery of numerical relativity. The collapse…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-01 Andrew M. Abrahams , Stuart L. Shapiro , Saul A. Teukolsky

We give an explicit formula for the correlation functions of real zeros of a random polynomial with arbitrary independent continuously distributed coefficients.

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-02 Friedrich Götze , Dzianis Kaliada , Dmitry Zaporozhets

Many applications of Gaussian random fields and Gaussian random processes are limited by the computational complexity of evaluating the probability density function, which involves inverting the relevant covariance matrix. In this work, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-26 Theodor Bjorkmo , M. C. David Marsh

In this paper, we discuss the convergence rate of empirical processes of Gaussian processes for a large class of function families. Our main goal is to show that the tail of the uniform norm of the empirical processes can be dominated by…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-03-22 Wen Huo , Yasutaka Shimizu

The decay of Burgers turbulence with compactly supported Gaussian "white noise" initial conditions is studied in the limit of vanishing viscosity and large time. Probability distribution functions and moments for both velocities and…

chao-dyn · Physics 2014-03-12 Roger Tribe , Oleg Zaboronski