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The information loss paradox associated with black hole Hawking evaporation is an unresolved problem in modern theoretical physics. In a recent brief essay, we revisited the the evolution of the black hole entanglement entropy via the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-06 Pisin Chen , Misao Sasaki , Dong-han Yeom , Junggi Yoon

We present the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM) hypothesis, which addresses the longstanding Black Hole Information Paradox rooted in the apparent conflict between Quantum Mechanics (QM) and General Relativity (GR). This paradox raises the…

General Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Florian Neukart , Reuben Brasher , Eike Marx

Unitarization of black hole evaporation requires that quantum information escapes a black hole; an important question is to identify the mechanism or channel by which it does so. Accurate counting of black hole states via the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-12-30 Steven B. Giddings

A general formulation of the basic conflict of the information problem is given, encapsulated in a "black hole theorem." This is framed in a more general context than the usual one of quantum field theory on a background, and is based on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-27 Steven B. Giddings

Since Hawking's 1974 discovery, we expect that a black hole formed by collapse will emit radiation and eventually disappear. Closely related to the information loss puzzle is the challenge to define an objective notion of physical entropy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-31 Bernard S. Kay

We argue that the resolution to the black hole information paradox lies in a proper accounting of the implications of diffeomorphism invariance for the Hilbert space and observables of quantum gravity. The setting of asymptotically Anti-de…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-07 Ted Jacobson , Phuc Nguyen

During the past three decades investigators have unveiled a number of deep connections between physical information and black holes whose consequences for ordinary systems go beyond what has been deduced purely from the axioms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Jacob D. Bekenstein

We investigate the experimental capabilities required to test whether black holes destroy information. We show that an experiment capable of illuminating the information puzzle must necessarily be able to detect or manipulate macroscopic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Stephen D. H. Hsu

Hawking radiation is often intuitively visualized as particles that have tunneled across the horizon. Yet, at first sight, it is not apparent where the barrier is. Here I show that the barrier depends on the tunneling particle itself. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Maulik K. Parikh

Hawking's 1974 calculation of thermal emission from a classical black hole led to his 1976 proposal that information may be lost from our universe as a pure quantum state collapses gravitationally into a black hole, which then evaporates…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 Don N. Page

One of the outstanding puzzles of theoretical physics is whether quantum information indeed gets lost in the case of Black Hole (BH) evaporation or accretion. Let us recall that Quantum Mechanics (QM) demands an upper limit on the…

General Physics · Physics 2010-11-02 Abhas Mitra

In this paper, we review some methods that tried to solve the information loss problem. In particular, we revisit the solution based on Hawking radiation as tunneling, and provide a detailed statistical interpretation on the black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-17 Baocheng Zhang , Christian Corda , Qing-yu Cai

Information theory is increasingly invoked by physicists concerned with fundamental physics, including black hole physics. But to what extent is the application of information theory in those contexts legitimate? Using the case of black…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-09-21 Christian Wuthrich

The fuzzball proposal says that the information of the black hole state is distributed throughout the interior of the horizon in a `quantum fuzz'. There are special microstates where in the dual CFT we have `many excitations in the same…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Borun D. Chowdhury , Samir D. Mathur

The fate of classical information incident on a quantum black hole has been the subject of an ongoing controversy in theoretical physics, because a calculation within the framework of semi-classical curved-space quantum field theory appears…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-17 Christoph Adami , Greg Ver Steeg

Two seemingly distinct notions regarding black holes have captured the imagination of theoretical physicists over the past decade: First, black holes are conjectured to be fast scramblers of information, a notion that is further supported…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-23 Krishan Saraswat , Niayesh Afshordi

It is shown in a variant of two dimensional dilaton gravity theories that an arbitrary, localized massive source put in an initially regular spacetime gives rise to formation of the wormhole classically, without accompanying the curvature…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-01 M. Hotta , M. Yoshimura

A recent, intriguing paper by Hawking, Perry and Strominger suggests that soft photons and gravitons can be regarded as black hole hair and may be relevant to the black hole information paradox. In this note we make use of factorization…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Mehrdad Mirbabayi , Massimo Porrati

Hawking radiation and black hole thermodynamics are well understood in the frameworks of quantum field theory and general relativity, with contemporary extensions in string theory, AdS/CFT, and loop quantum gravity. However, an open…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-22 Noah M. MacKay

It has been argued that small corrections to evolution arising from non-geometric effects can resolve the information paradox. We can get such effects, for example, from subleading saddle points in the Euclidean path integral. But an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 Samir D. Mathur