Related papers: The chemical composition of the Sun
Although 98% of the solar material consists of hydrogen and helium, the remaining chemical elements contribute in a discernible way to the thermodynamic quantities. The contribution of various heavy elements in a set of thermodynamic…
The solar chemical abundances studied in considerable detail because of discrepant values of solar metallicity inferred from different indicators, where in the present work we have used 28 suitable atomic spectral solar nitrogen lines,…
The longevity of Cassini's exploration of Saturn's atmosphere (a third of a Saturnian year) means that we have been able to track the seasonal evolution of atmospheric temperatures, chemistry and cloud opacity over almost every season, from…
The Sun is a powerful neutrino source that can be used to study the physical properties of neutrinos and, at the same time, neutrinos are a unique tool to probe the interior of the Sun. For these reasons, solar neutrino physics is both…
We critically examine recent claims of a high solar metallicity by von Steiger \& Zurbuchen (2016) based on \textit{in situ} measurements of the solar wind, rather than the standard spectroscopically-inferred abundances (Asplund et al.…
Stellar members of binary systems are formed from the same material, therefore they should be chemically identical. However, recent high-precision studies have unveiled chemical differences between the two members of binary pairs composed…
The study of solar neutrinos has given since ever a fundamental contribution both to astroparticle and to elementary particle physics, offering an ideal test of solar models and offering at the same time relevant indications on the…
We study the impact of new metallicity measurements, from solar wind data, on the solar model. The "solar modelling problem" refers to the persisting discrepancy between helioseismological observations and predictions of solar models…
Observations of comets and asteroids show that the Solar Nebula that spawned our planetary system was rich in water and organic molecules. Bombardment brought these organics to the young Earth's surface, seeding its early chemistry. Unlike…
The 18O/17O ratio of the Solar System is 5.2 while that of the interstellar medium (ISM) and young stellar objects is ~4. This difference cannot be explained by pollution of the Sun's natal molecular cloud by 18O-rich supernova ejecta…
In this review, three major changes in our understanding of the early history of the Solar System are presented. 1) Early differentiation: A few recent results support the idea that protoplanet formation and differentiation occurred partly…
Monte Carlo calculations of the Ne K$\alpha$ line fluoresced by coronal x-rays and emitted near the temperature minimum region of the solar atmosphere have been employed to investigate the use of this feature to measure directly the solar…
It is shown that the metal abundance in the solar interior is constrained from the current solar neutrino experiment, even if one allows neutrino conversion in the sun due to neutrino oscillation. The result shows that the metal abundance…
There are four important facts about solar neutrinos. They are listed in order of importance in this abstract and discussed more in the text of the talk. First, solar neutrinos have been detected in four experiments with approximately the…
We argue that it may be possible to exploit neutrinos from the CN cycle and pp chain to determine the primordial solar core abundances of C and N at an interesting level of precision. Such a measurement would allow a comparison of the Sun's…
Isotopic ratios provide a powerful tool for understanding the origins of materials, including the volatile and refractory matter within solar system bodies. Recent high sensitivity observations of molecular isotopologues, in particular with…
We compute a new generation of standard solar models (SSMs) that includes recent updates on some important nuclear reaction rates and a more consistent treatment of the equation of state. Models also include a novel and flexible treatment…
Methods to determine abundances of the elements in the atmospheres of F, G, and K stars with precisions of 0.01-0.03 dex are reviewed. Such high-precision stellar abundances have led to the discovery of unexpected phenomena and relations…
Experimental work with solar neutrinos has illuminated the properties of neutrinos and tested models of how the sun produces its energy. Three experiments continue to take data, and at least seven are in various stages of planning or…
Hydrostatic equilibrium and energy conservation determine the conditions in the gravitationally stabilized solar fusion reactor. We assume a matter density distribution varying non- linearly through the central region of the Sun. The…