Related papers: Inferring Loop Invariants using Postconditions

Software verification has emerged as a key concern for ensuring the continued progress of information technology. Full verification generally requires, as a crucial step, equipping each loop with a "loop invariant". Beyond their role in…

Loop invariants play a central role in the verification of imperative programs. However, finding these invariants is often a difficult and time-consuming task for the programmer. We have previously shown how program transformation can be…

We describe the LoopInvGen tool for generating loop invariants that can provably guarantee correctness of a program with respect to a given specification. LoopInvGen is an efficient implementation of the inference technique originally…

Invariants are the predominant approach to verify the correctness of loops. As an alternative, loop contracts, which make explicit the premise and conclusion of the underlying induction proof, can sometimes capture correctness conditions…

Loop invariants are properties of a program loop that hold both before and after each iteration of the loop. They are often used to verify programs and ensure that algorithms consistently produce correct results during execution.…

Loop invariants are software properties that hold before and after every iteration of a loop. As such, invariants provide inductive arguments that are key in automating the verification of program loops. The problem of generating loop…

A program invariant is a property that holds for every execution of the program. Recent work suggest to infer likely-only invariants, via dynamic analysis. A likely invariant is a property that holds for some executions but is not…

We propose a "formula slicing" method for finding inductive invariants. It is based on the observation that many loops in the program affect only a small part of the memory, and many invariants which were valid before a loop are still valid…

Verifiers that can prove programs correct against their full functional specification require, for programs with loops, additional annotations in the form of loop invariants---propeties that hold for every iteration of a loop. We show that…

Loop invariants are properties of a program loop that hold before and after each iteration of the loop. They are often employed to verify programs and ensure that algorithms consistently produce correct results during execution.…

In program semantics and verification, reasoning about loops is complicated by the need to produce two separate mathematical arguments: an invariant, for functional properties (ignoring termination); and a variant, for termination (ignoring…

Loop invariants are fundamental to reasoning about programs with loops. They establish properties about a given loop's behavior. When they additionally are inductive, they become useful for the task of formal verification that seeks to…

Quantitative loop invariants are an essential element in the verification of probabilistic programs. Recently, multivariate Lagrange interpolation has been applied to synthesizing polynomial invariants. In this paper, we propose an…

Invariants are a set of properties over program attributes that are expected to be true during the execution of a program. Since developing those invariants manually can be costly and challenging, there are a myriad of approaches that…

A loop invariant is a property of a loop that remains true before and after each execution of the loop. The identification of loop invariants is a critical step to support automated program safety assessment. Recent advancements in Large…

When proving invariance properties of a program, we face two problems. The first problem is related to the necessity of proving tautologies of considered assertion language, whereas the second manifests in the need of finding sufficiently…

Error invariants are assertions that over-approximate the reachable program states at a given position in an error trace while only capturing states that will still lead to failure if execution of the trace is continued from that position.…

We present the first approach to prove non-termination of integer programs that is based on loop acceleration. If our technique cannot show non-termination of a loop, it tries to accelerate it instead in order to find paths to other…

Ensuring software correctness remains a fundamental challenge in formal program verification. One promising approach relies on finding polynomial invariants for loops. Polynomial invariants are properties of a program loop that hold before…

We present an algorithm for synthesizing program loops satisfying a given polynomial loop invariant. The class of loops we consider can be modeled by a system of algebraic recurrence equations with constant coefficients. We turn the task of…