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Recent controversy regarding the meaning and usefulness of weak values is reviewed. It is argued that in spite of recent statistical arguments by Ferrie and Combes, experiments with anomalous weak values provide a useful amplification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-25 Lev Vaidman

It is argued that a weak value of an observable is a robust property of a single pre- and post-selected quantum system rather than a statistical property. During an infinitesimal time a system with a given weak value affects other systems…

We generalize the concept of a weak value of a quantum observable to cover arbitrary real positive operator measures. We show that the definition is operationally meaningful in the sense that it can be understood within the quantum theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Erkka Haapasalo , Pekka Lahti , Jussi Schultz

The use of weak measurements for performing quantum tomography is enjoying increased attention due to several recent proposals. The advertised merits of using weak measurements in this context are varied, but are generally represented by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-06 Jonathan A. Gross , Ninnat Dangniam , Christopher Ferrie , Carlton M. Caves

In quantum theory, a weak value is a complex number with a somewhat technical definition: it is a ratio whose numerator is the matrix element of a self-adjoint operator and whose denominator is the inner product of a corresponding pair of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Jacob A. Barandes

Quantum metrology uses small changes in the output probabilities of a quantum measurement to estimate the magnitude of a weak interaction with the system. The sensitivity of this procedure depends on the relation between the input state,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-02 Holger F. Hofmann

Some recent attempts at measuring non local weak values via local measurements are discussed and shown to be less robust than standard weak measurements. A method for measuring some non local weak values via non local measurements (non…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-12 Aharon Brodutch , Lev Vaidman

A weak measurement consists in coupling a system to a probe in such a way that constructive interference generates a large output. So far, only the average output of the probe and its variance were studied. Here, the characteristic function…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-07 Antonio Di Lorenzo

We address the issue of how to properly treat, and in a more general setting, the concept of a weak value of a weak measurement in quantum mechanics. We show that for this purpose, one must take in account the effects of the measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-24 A. C. Lobo , C. A. Ribeiro

The weak values and weak measurement formalism were initially limited to pure states, which were later extended to mixed states, leading to intriguing applications in quantum information processing tasks. Weak values are considered to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Rajendra Singh Bhati

Methods for measuring the weak value of non local variables are investigated. We analyze local (indirect) measurement methods for obtaining the weak values. We also describe some new (direct) methods (Non local weak measurements) for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-09 Aharon Brodutch

Weak values arise in quantum theory when the result of a weak measurement is conditioned on a subsequent strong measurement. The majority of the trials are discarded, leaving only very few successful events. Intriguingly those can display a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-19 George C. Knee , Joshua Combes , Christopher Ferrie , Erik M. Gauger

Recent empirical work in the field of 'weak measurements' has yielded novel ways of more directly accessing and exploring the quantum wavefunction. Measuring either position or momentum for a photon in a 'weak' manner yields a wide range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-17 David R Geelan

Historically, weak values have been associated with weak measurements performed on quantum systems. Over the past two decades, a series of works have shown that weak values can be determined via measurements of arbitrary strength. One such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 David R. A. Ruelas Paredes , Mariano Uria , Eduardo Massoni , Francisco De Zela

We consider highly inaccurate measurements made on classical stochastic and quantum systems. In the quantum case such a \e{weak} measurement preserves coherence between the system's alternatives. We demonstrate that in both cases the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 D. Sokolovski , D. Alonso , S. Brouard

Weak values are average quantities,therefore investigating their associated variance is crucial in understanding their place in quantum mechanics. We develop the concept of a position-postselected weak variance of momentum as cohesively as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-10 M. R. Feyereisen

An analysis of errors in measurement yields new insight into the penetration of quantum particles into classically forbidden regions. In addition to ``physical" values, realistic measurements yield ``unphysical" values which, we show, can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Y. Aharonov , S. Popescu , D. Rohrlich , L. Vaidman

A large literature has grown up around the proposed use of 'weak measurements' (i.e., unsharp measurements followed by post-selection) to allegedly provide information about hidden ontological features of quantum systems. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 R. E. Kastner

Weak measurements have an increasing number of applications in contemporary quantum mechanics. They were originally described as a weak interaction that slightly entangled the translational degrees of freedom of a particle to its spin,…

Conventional quantum mechanics describes a pre- and post-selected system in terms of virtual (Feynman) paths via which the final state can be reached. In the absence of probabilities, a weak measurement (WM) determines the probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 D. Sokolovski