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We describe the theory of quantum convolutional error correcting codes. These codes are aimed at protecting a flow of quantum information over long distance communication. They are largely inspired by their classical analogs which are used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Ollivier , J. -P. Tillich

A common approach to studying the performance of quantum error correcting codes is to assume independent and identically distributed single-qubit errors. However, the available experimental data shows that realistic errors in modern…

Codeword stabilized quantum codes provide a unified approach to constructing quantum error-correcting codes, including both additive and non-additive quantum codes. Standard codeword stabilized quantum codes encode quantum information into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-18 Jeonghwan Shin , Jun Heo , Todd A. Brun

We construct a new class of quantum error-correcting codes for a bosonic mode which are advantageous for applications in quantum memories, communication, and scalable computation. These 'binomial quantum codes' are formed from a finite…

Conventional quantum error correcting codes require multiple rounds of measurements to detect errors with enough confidence in fault-tolerant scenarios. Here I show that for suitable topological codes a single round of local measurements is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-13 H. Bombin

Recently, there has been growing interest in using adiabatic quantum computation as an architecture for experimentally realizable quantum computers. One of the reasons for this is the idea that the energy gap should provide some inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Stephen P. Jordan , Edward Farhi , Peter W. Shor

We introduce a new family of multi-mode, rotationally symmetric bosonic codes inspired by the group-theoretic framework of [Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 240603 (2024)]. Such a construction inverts the traditional paradigm of code design by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Rabsan Galib Ahmed , Adithi Udupa , Giulia Ferrini

Characterizing how quantum error correction circuits behave under realistic hardware noise is essential for testing the premises that enable scalable fault tolerance. Logical error rates conditioned on syndrome outcomes are needed to enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Matthew Girling , Ben Criger , Cristina Cirstoiu

Surface codes are the most promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Single qudit errors are typically modelled as Pauli operators, to which general errors are converted via randomizing methods. In this Letter, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Yue Ma , Michael Hanks , M. S. Kim

This is an expository article aiming to introduce the reader to the underlying mathematics and geometry of quantum error correction. Information stored on quantum particles is subject to noise and interference from the environment. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Simeon Ball , Aina Centelles , Felix Huber

The stabiliser fragment of quantum theory is a foundational building block for quantum error correction and the fault-tolerant compilation of quantum programs. In this article, we develop a sound, universal and complete denotational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Robert I. Booth , Cole Comfort

The possibility of using the two-fold topological degeneracy of spin-1/2 chiral spin liquid states on the torus to construct quantum error correcting codes is investigated. It is shown that codes constructed using these states on finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 N. E. Bonesteel

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-17 Daniel Gottesman

Quantum error correction (QEC) codes protect quantum information from errors due to decoherence. Many of them also serve as prototypical models for exotic topological quantum matters. Investigating the behavior of the QEC codes under…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-11 Kaixiang Su , Zhou Yang , Chao-Ming Jian

Recent work on approximate quantum error correction (QEC) has opened up the possibility of constructing subspace codes that protect information with high fidelity in scenarios where perfect error correction is impossible. Motivated by this,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-31 Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

We address the problem of decoding sparse quantum error correction codes. For Pauli channels, this task can be accomplished by a version of the belief propagation algorithm used for decoding sparse classical codes. Quantum codes pose two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-16 David Poulin , Yeojin Chung

Kitaev's quantum double models in 2D provide some of the most commonly studied examples of topological quantum order. In particular, the ground space is thought to yield a quantum error-correcting code. We offer an explicit proof that this…

In realistic stabiliser-based quantum error correction there are many ways in which real physical systems deviate from simple toy models of error. Stabiliser measurements may not always be deterministic or may suffer from erasure errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-24 João F. Doriguello

In this article we address the computational hardness of optimally decoding a quantum stabilizer code. Much like classical linear codes, errors are detected by measuring certain check operators which yield an error syndrome, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-14 Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

Performing active quantum error correction to protect fragile quantum states highly depends on the correctness of error information--error syndromes. To obtain reliable error syndromes using imperfect physical circuits, we propose the idea…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Alexei Ashikhmin , Ching-Yi Lai , Todd A. Brun