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Duplication graphs are graphs that grow by duplication of existing vertices, and are important models of biological networks, including protein-protein interaction networks and gene regulatory networks. Three models of graph growth are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Alpan Raval

Identifying power-law scaling in real networks - indicative of preferential attachment - has proved controversial. Critics argue that measuring the temporal evolution of a network directly is better than measuring the degree distribution…

We study a new class of preferential attachment trees with \emph{self-reinforcement}. At each time, each vertex is assigned a weight equal to the cumulative sum over past times of an affine function of its degree. A new vertex attaches…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Shankar Bhamidi , Remco van der Hofstad , Frank den Hollander , Rounak Ray

The topology of the Internet has typically been measured by sampling traceroutes, which are roughly shortest paths from sources to destinations. The resulting measurements have been used to infer that the Internet's degree distribution is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-05-29 Aaron Clauset , Cristopher Moore

A random graph evolution based on the interactions of N vertices is studied. During the evolution both the preferential attachment method and the uniform choice of vertices are allowed. The weight of a vertex means the number of its…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-05-07 István Fazekas , Bettina Porvázsnyik

We propose and study a model of weighted scale-free networks incorporating a stochastic scheme for weight assignments to the links, taking into account both the popularity and fitness of a node. As the network grows the weights of links are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Dafang Zheng , Steffen Trimper , Bo Zheng , P. M. Hui

We introduce a model of evolving preferential attachment trees where vertices are assigned weights, and the evolution of a vertex depends not only on its own weight, but also on the weights of its neighbours. We study the distribution of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-11 Nikolaos Fountoulakis , Tejas Iyer

One of the most influential recent results in network analysis is that many natural networks exhibit a power-law or log-normal degree distribution. This has inspired numerous generative models that match this property. However, more recent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-09-01 Isabelle Stanton , Ali Pinar

Preferential attachment models were shown to be very effective in predicting such important properties of real-world networks as the power-law degree distribution, small diameter, etc. Many different models are based on the idea of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-23 Liudmila Ostroumova Prokhorenkova , Egor Samosvat

Several studies on real complex networks from different fields as biology, economy, or sociology have shown that the degree of nodes (number of edges connected to each node) follows a scale-free power-law distribution like $P(k)\approx…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. C. Nacher , T. Yamada , S. Goto , M. Kanehisa , T. Akutsu

There has been considerable recent interest in the properties of networks, such as citation networks and the worldwide web, that grow by the addition of vertices, and a number of simple solvable models of network growth have been studied.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-11-09 Cristopher Moore , Gourab Ghoshal , M. E. J. Newman

Growing attention has been brought to the fact that many real directed networks exhibit hierarchy and directionality as measured through techniques like Trophic Analysis and non-normality. We propose a simple growing network model where the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-13 Niall Rodgers , Peter Tino , Samuel Johnson

We provide a local probabilistic description of the limiting statistics of large preferential attachment trees in terms of the ordinary degree (number of neighbors) but augmented with information on leafdegree (number of neighbors that are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-03 Harrison Hartle , P. L. Krapivsky

We consider two varieties of labeled rooted trees, and the probability that a vertex chosen from all vertices of all trees of a given size uniformly at random has a given rank. We prove that this probability converges to a limit as the tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-15 Miklos Bona , Istvan Mezo

In complex networks the degrees of adjacent nodes may often appear dependent -- which presents a modelling challenge. We present a working framework for studying networks with an arbitrary joint distribution for the degrees of adjacent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Samuel , G. Balogh , Gergely Palla , Ivan Kryven

We introduce a model for directed spatial networks. Starting from an age-based preferential attachment model in which all arcs point from younger to older vertices, we add \emph{reciprocal} connections whose probabilities depend on the age…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Lukas Lüchtrath , Christian Mönch

Many networks contain correlations and often conventional analysis is incapable of incorporating this often essential feature. In arXiv:0708.2176, we introduced the link-space formalism for analysing degree-degree correlations in evolving…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-02-06 David M. D. Smith , Chiu Fan Lee , Neil F. Johnson , Jukka-Pekka Onnela

We study two models of an age-biased graph process: the $\delta$-version of the preferential attachment graph model (PAM) and the uniform attachment graph model (UAM), with $m$ attachments for each of incoming vertices. We show that almost…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-13 Huseyin Acan , Alan Frieze , Boris Pittel

It is widely believed that the Internet's AS-graph degree distribution obeys a power-law form. Most of the evidence showing the power-law distribution is based on BGP data. However, it was recently argued that since BGP collects data in a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Reuven Cohen , Mira Gonen , Avishai Wool

Most real world dynamic networks are evolved very fast with time. It is not feasible to collect the entire network at any given time to study its characteristics. This creates the need to propose local algorithms to study various properties…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Akrati Saxena , Ralucca Gera , S. R. S. Iyengar