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We explore error distributions in Epoch of Reionization 21-cm power spectrum estimators using a combination of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations. We provide closed form solutions for the error distributions of individual bins…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-20 Michael J. Wilensky , Jordan Brown , Bryna J. Hazelton

Gaussian multiplicative noise is commonly used as a stochastic regularisation technique in training of deterministic neural networks. A recent paper reinterpreted the technique as a specific algorithm for approximate inference in Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-09 Jiri Hron , Alexander G. de G. Matthews , Zoubin Ghahramani

3D Gaussian Splatting has garnered extensive attention and application in real-time neural rendering. Concurrently, concerns have been raised about the limitations of this technology in aspects such as point cloud storage, performance, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Letian Huang , Jiayang Bai , Jie Guo , Yuanqi Li , Yanwen Guo

Gaussian Quadrature is a well known technique for numerical integration. Recently Gaussian quadrature with respect to discrete measures corresponding to finite sums have found some new interest. In this paper we apply these ideas to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Hartmut Monien

Motivated by the necessity of a high-quality stray light control in the detection of the gravitational waves in space, the spot size of a flat top beam generated by the clipping of the Gaussian beam (GB) is studied. By adopting the mode…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-08 Zhen-Xiang Hao , Tim Haase , Hong-Bo Jin , Ya-Zheng Tao , Gudrun Wanner , Ruo-Xi Wu , Yue-Liang Wu

We describe how to solve the problem of Taylor dispersion in the presence of absorbing boundaries using an exact stochastic formulation. In addition to providing a clear stochastic picture of Taylor dispersion, our method leads to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-11-25 Rudro R. Biswas , Pabitra N. Sen

A simple Gaussian size deconvolution method is routinely used to remove the blur of observed images caused by insufficient angular resolutions of existing telescopes, thereby to estimate the physical sizes of extracted sources and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-26 Alexander Men'shchikov

Conventional method for Gaussian beam collimation is to expand the beam waist to achieve a smaller divergence angle. Recent transformation optics offers an unconventional path to control the electromagnetic field. In this paper we show that…

Optics · Physics 2013-03-29 Yuancheng Fan , Jin Han , Hongqiang Li

In numerous applications, surrogate models are used as a replacement for accurate parameter-to-observable mappings when solving large-scale inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The surrogate model may be a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Ruanui Nicholson , Radoslav Vuchkov , Umberto Villa , Noemi Petra

We consider the light scattering problem for a Gaussian beam and a (spherical) particle at arbitrary location. Within the beam cross section, the total electromagnetic field is the superposition of the incident beam and the scattered wave.…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-09 Jonas Gienger

Diffusion or score-based models recently showed high performance in image generation. They rely on a forward and a backward stochastic differential equations (SDE). The sampling of a data distribution is achieved by numerically solving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Emile Pierret , Bruno Galerne

The possibility of focusing light to an ever tighter spot has important implications for many applications and fields of optics research, such as nano-optics and plasmonics, laser-scanning microscopy, optical data storage and many more. The…

In this work, we propose a novel methodology for robustly estimating particle size distributions from optical scattering measurements using constrained Gaussian process regression. The estimation of particle size distributions is commonly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Fahime Seyedheydari , Mahdi Nasiri , Marcin Mińkowski , Simo Särkkä

This paper investigates the approximation of Gaussian random variables in Banach spaces, focusing on the high-probability bounds for the approximation of Gaussian random variables using finitely many observations. We derive non-asymptotic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Daniel Winkle , Ingo Steinwart , Bernard Haasdonk

In Bayesian inference, a widespread technique to compute integrals against a high-dimensional posterior is to use a Gaussian proxy to the posterior known as the Laplace approximation. We address the question of accuracy of the approximation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Anya Katsevich

Approximating the solution of the nonlinear filtering problem with Gaussian mixtures has been a very popular method since the 1970s. However, the vast majority of such approximations are introduced in an ad-hoc manner without theoretical…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-01-28 Dan Crisan , Kai Li

We investigate biases induced by the conversion between the observed image shape to shear distortion in current weak lensing analysis methods. Such overall calibration biases cannot be detected by the standard tests such as E/B…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Christopher M. Hirata , Uros Seljak

Discrete image registration can be a strategy to reconstruct signals from samples corrupted by blur and noise. We examine superresolution and discrete image registration for one-dimensional spatially-limited piecewise constant functions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Serap A. Savari

Gaussian mixture distributions are commonly employed to represent general probability distributions. Despite the importance of using Gaussian mixtures for uncertainty estimation, the entropy of a Gaussian mixture cannot be calculated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-23 Takashi Furuya , Hiroyuki Kusumoto , Koichi Taniguchi , Naoya Kanno , Kazuma Suetake

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are widely recognized as powerful non-parametric models for regression and classification. Traditional GP frameworks predominantly operate under the assumption that the inputs are either accurately known or subject…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Muzaffar Qureshi , Tochukwu Elijah Ogri , Zachary I. Bell , Wanjiku A. Makumi , Rushikesh Kamalapurkar