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The distance of a binary operation from being associative can be "measured" by its associative spectrum, an appropriate sequence of positive integers. Particular instances and general properties of associative spectra are studied.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-02-11 Béla Csákány , Tamás Waldhauser

We introduce a quantitative measure of network bipartivity as a proportion of even to total number of closed walks in the network. Spectral graph theory is used to quantify how close to bipartite a network is and the extent to which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ernesto Estrada , Juan A. Rodriguez-Velazquez

We show that graphs, networks and other related discrete model systems carry a natural supersymmetric structure, which, apart from its conceptual importance as to possible physical applications, allows to derive a series of spectral…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Manfred Requardt

We define a graph to be $S$-regular if it contains an equitable partition given by a matrix $S$. These graphs are generalizations of both regular and bipartite, biregular graphs. An $S$-regular matrix is defined then as a matrix on an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Matthew B. Crawford , David J. Marchette , William Maxwell , Samuel S. Mendelson

The mechanisms by which modularity emerges in complex networks are not well understood but recent reports have suggested that modularity may arise from evolutionary selection. We show that finding the modularity of a network is analogous to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 Roger Guimera , Marta Sales-Pardo , Luis A. N. Amaral

Various modularity matrices appeared in the recent literature on network analysis and algebraic graph theory. Their purpose is to allow writing as quadratic forms certain combinatorial functions appearing in the framework of graph…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-05 Dario Fasino , Francesco Tudisco

We use the line digraph construction to associate an orthogonal matrix with each graph. From this orthogonal matrix, we derive two further matrices. The spectrum of each of these three matrices is considered as a graph invariant. For the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Emms , Edwin R. Hancock , Simone Severini , Richard C. Wilson

Curious spectral properties of an ensemble of random unitary matrices appearing in the quantization of a map p -> p+alpha, q -> q+f(p+alpha) in [Giraud et al. nlin.CD/0403033] are investigated. When alpha=m/n with integer co-prime m,n and…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2016-08-16 E. Bogomolny , C. Schmit

In an era of unprecedented deluge of (mostly unstructured) data, graphs are proving more and more useful, across the sciences, as a flexible abstraction to capture complex relationships between complex objects. One of the main challenges…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-10-17 Alaa Saade

The spectra of random feature matrices provide essential information on the conditioning of the linear system used in random feature regression problems and are thus connected to the consistency and generalization of random feature models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-13 Zhijun Chen , Hayden Schaeffer , Rachel Ward

We study the spectrum of adjacency matrices of random graphs. We develop two techniques to lower bound the mass of the continuous part of the spectral measure or the density of states. As an application, we prove that the spectral measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-23 Charles Bordenave , Arnab Sen , Balint Virag

Hypergraphs are a generalization of graphs in which edges can connect any number of vertices. They allow the modeling of complex networks with higher-order interactions, and their spectral theory studies the qualitative properties that can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-01 Raffaella Mulas

Intensity minima and maxima of speckle patterns obtained behind a diffuser are experimentally interchanged by applying a spiral phase delay of charge $\pm 1$ to the impinging coherent beam. This transform arises from the intuitive…

Optics · Physics 2017-02-01 Jérôme Gateau , Hervé Rigneault , Marc Guillon

Sparse non-Hermitian random matrices arise in the study of disordered physical systems with asymmetric local interactions, and have applications ranging from neural networks to ecosystem dynamics. The spectral characteristics of these…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-21 Fernando Lucas Metz , Izaak Neri , Tim Rogers

Motivated in part by combinatorial applications to certain sum-product phenomena, we introduce unimodular graphs over finite fields and, more generally, over finite valuation rings. We compute the spectrum of the unimodular graphs, by using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Bogdan Nica

We give the first specific conjectures on how frequently graphs satisfy sufficient conditions for being uniquely characterized by spectral information. These conjectures arise from a theoretical framework that we developed based on…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Nikita Lvov , Alexander Van Werde

The spectral properties of the adjacency (connectivity) and distance matrix for various types of networks: exponential, scale-free (Albert--Barabasi) and classical random ones (Erdos--Renyi) are evaluated. The graph spectra for dense graph…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2008-07-03 K. Malarz

Spectral analysis connects graph structure to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of associated matrices. Much of spectral graph theory descends directly from spectral geometry, the study of differentiable manifolds through the spectra of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Kun Dong , Austin R. Benson , David Bindel

We present a general method for obtaining the spectra of large graphs with short cycles using ideas from statistical mechanics of disordered systems. This approach leads to an algorithm that determines the spectra of graphs up to a high…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-01-12 D. Bollé , F. L. Metz , I. Neri

The spectrum of a semi-infinite quantum graph tube with square period cells is analyzed. The structure is obtained by rolling up a doubly periodic quantum graph into a tube along a period vector and then retaining only a semi-infinite half…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Stephen P. Shipman , Jeremy Tillay