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Algebraic methods for the design of series of maximum distance separable (MDS) linear block and convolutional codes to required specifications and types are presented. Algorithms are given to design codes to required rate and required…
A new approach to adaptive design of clinical trials is proposed in a general multiparameter exponential family setting, based on generalized likelihood ratio statistics and optimal sequential testing theory. These designs are easy to…
Quasi-experimental evaluations are central for generating real-world causal evidence and complementing insights from randomized trials. The regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental design that can be used to estimate…
Interval-censored multi-state data arise in many studies of chronic diseases, where the health status of a subject can be characterized by a finite number of disease states and the transition between any two states is only known to occur…
In a tie-breaker design (TBD), subjects with high values of a running variable are given some (usually desirable) treatment, subjects with low values are not, and subjects in the middle are randomized. TBDs are intermediate between…
Subclassification and matching are often used in empirical studies to adjust for observed covariates; however, they are largely restricted to relatively simple study designs with a binary treatment and less developed for designs with a…
Given a fixed-sample-size test that controls the error probabilities under two specific, but arbitrary, distributions, a 3-stage and two 4-stage tests are proposed and analyzed. For each of them, a novel, concrete, non-asymptotic,…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great performance in few-shot In-Context Learning (ICL) for a variety of generative and discriminative chemical design tasks. The newly expanded context windows of LLMs can further improve ICL…
Structural disorder can improve the optical properties of metasurfaces, whether it is emerging from some large-scale fabrication methods, or explicitly designed and built lithographically. Correlated disorder, induced by a minimum…
In a poisoning attack, an adversary with control over a small fraction of the training data attempts to select that data in a way that induces a corrupted model that misbehaves in favor of the adversary. We consider poisoning attacks…
Evaluating the influence of continuous covariates, like exposure time or dose, on a response variable is a pivotal objective in the assessment of a compound's effect, particularly when determining toxicity in pre-clinical research or…
The current work is motivated by the need for robust statistical methods for precision medicine; as such, we address the need for statistical methods that provide actionable inference for a single unit at any point in time. We aim to learn…
We study the statistical limits of Imitation Learning (IL) in episodic Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with a state space $\mathcal{S}$. We focus on the known-transition setting where the learner is provided a dataset of $N$ length-$H$…
Many drugs used therapeutically or recreationally induce tolerance: the effect of the substance decreases with repeated use. This phenomenon may reduce the efficacy of the substance unless dosage is increased beyond what is healthy for the…
Non-proportional hazards (NPH) are often observed in clinical trials with time-to-event endpoints. A common example is a long-term clinical trial with a delayed treatment effect in immunotherapy for cancer. When designing clinical trials…
Judging scholarly posters creates a challenge to assign the judges efficiently. If there are many posters and few reviews per judge, the commonly used Balanced Incomplete Block Design is not a feasible option. An additional challenge is an…
Dose-finding clinical trials in oncology aim to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new drug, generally defined by the proportion of patients with short-term dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Model-based approaches for such phase…
The design of crystal materials plays a critical role in areas such as new energy development, biomedical engineering, and semiconductors. Recent advances in data-driven methods have enabled the generation of diverse crystal structures.…
We consider a potential outcomes model in which interference may be present between any two units but the extent of interference diminishes with spatial distance. The causal estimand is the global average treatment effect, which compares…
The use of `backfilling', assigning additional patients to doses deemed safe, in phase I dose-escalation studies has been used in practice to collect additional information on the safety profile, pharmacokinetics and activity of a drug.…