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The computational complexity of time-dependent perturbation theory is well-known to be largely combinatorial whatever the chosen expansion method and family of parameters (combinatorial sequences, Goldstone and other Feynman-type…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2010-07-26 Christian Brouder , Ângela Mestre , Frédéric Patras

We prove that, among rectangular grid graphs with a fixed number of vertices, the number of spanning trees increases when the side lengths are made more balanced. In particular, among all rectangular grid graphs with $n^2$ vertices, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Jiechen Zhang

We present an elementary proof of a generalization of Kirchoff's matrix tree theorem to directed, weighted graphs. The proof is based on a specific factorization of the Laplacian matrices associated to the graphs, which only involves the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-30 Patrick De Leenheer

The eigenvalue spectrum of the transition matrix of a network encodes important information about its structural and dynamical properties. We study the transition matrix of a family of fractal scale-free networks and analytically determine…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-07-16 Zhongzhi Zhang , Zhengyi Hu , Yibin Sheng , Guanrong Chen

We present here another proof of Oscar Rojo's theorems about the spectrum of graph Laplacian on certain balanced trees, by taking advantage of the symmetry properties of the trees in question, and looking into the eigenfunctions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-16 Hao Chen , Jürgen Jost

Let $G$ be a 3-connected planar graph. Define the co-tree of a spanning tree $T$ of $G$ as the graph induced by the dual edges of $E(G)-E(T)$. The well-known cut-cycle duality implies that the co-tree is itself a tree. Let a $k$-tree be a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Christian Ortlieb , Jens M. Schmidt

In this paper, we introduce the concept of spanning simplicial complexes $\Delta_s(G)$ associated to a simple finite connected graph G. We give the characterization of all spanning trees of the uni-cyclic graph $U_{n,m}$. In particular, we…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Imran Anwar , Zahid Raza , Agha Kashif

By revisiting the Kirchhoff's Matrix-Tree Theorem, we give an exact formula for the number of spanning trees of a graph in terms of the quantum relative entropy between the maximally mixed state and another state specifically obtained from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-14 Vittorio Giovannetti , Simone Severini

The number of spanning trees in a class of directed circulant graphs with generators depending linearly on the number of vertices $\beta n$, and in the $n$-th and $(n-1)$-th power graphs of the $\beta n$-cycle are evaluated as a product of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-01 Justine Louis

In this paper we give an exact analytical expression for the number of spanning trees of an infinite family of outerplanar, small-world and self-similar graphs. This number is an important graph invariant related to different topological…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Francesc Comellas , Alicia Miralles , Hongxiao Liu , Zhongzhi Zhang

Determining and analyzing the spectra of graphs is an important and exciting research topic in theoretical computer science. The eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian of a graph provide information on its structural properties and also on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-20 Pinchen Xie , Zhongzhi Zhang , Francesc Comellas

We consider lower bounds on the number of spanning trees of connected graphs with degree bounded by $d$. The question is of interest because such bounds may improve the analysis of the improvement produced by memorisation in the runtime of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-02-13 John Michael Robson

We define two families of determinantal random spanning subgraphs of a finite connected graph, one supported by acyclic spanning subgraphs (spanning forests) with fixed number of connected components, the other by connected spanning…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Adrien Kassel , Thierry Lévy

We prove that the multiplicity of a fixed eigenvalue $\alpha$ in a random recursive tree on $n$ vertices satisfies a central limit theorem with mean and variance asymptotically equal to $\mu_{\alpha} n$ and $\sigma^2_{\alpha} n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-12 Kenneth Dadedzi , Stephan Wagner

Let $\tau(G)$ and $\kappa'(G)$ denote the edge-connectivity and the spanning tree packing number of a graph $G$, respectively. Proving a conjecture initiated by Cioaba and Wong, Liu et al. in 2014 showed that for any simple graph $G$ with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-21 Ruifang Liu , Hong-Jian Lai , Yingzhi Tian

An arborescence of a directed graph $\Gamma$ is a spanning tree directed toward a particular vertex $v$. The arborescences of a graph rooted at a particular vertex may be encoded as a polynomial $A_v(\Gamma)$ representing the sum of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-24 Sunita Chepuri , CJ Dowd , Andy Hardt , Gregory Michel , Sylvester W. Zhang , Valerie Zhang

Given a rooted tree $T$ with vertices $u_1,u_2,\ldots,u_n$, the level matrix $L(T)$ of $T$ is the $n \times n$ matrix for which the $(i,j)$-th entry is the absolute difference of the distances from the root to $v_i$ and $v_j$. This matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-21 Audace A. V. Dossou-Olory

In this paper, we propose a new method for the derivation of a priority vector from an incomplete pairwise comparisons (PC) matrix. We assume that each entry of a PC matrix provided by an expert is also evaluated in terms of the expert's…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-31 Jiri Mazurek , Konrad Kułakowski

For a graph G, the generating function of rooted forests, counted by the number of connected components, can be expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian. We generalize this result from graphs to cell complexes of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Olivier Bernardi , Caroline J. Klivans

Let $G$ be a connected graph and let $k$ be a positive integer. Let $T$ be a spanning tree of $G$. The leaf degree of a vertex $v\in V(T)$ is defined as the number of leaves adjacent to $v$ in $T$. The leaf degree of $T$ is the maximum leaf…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Sufang Wang , Wei Zhang