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To describe ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions we construct a three-fluid hydrodynamical model. In contrast to one-fluid hydrodynamics, it accounts for the finite stopping power of nuclear matter, i.e. for nonequilibrium effects in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 J. Brachmann , A. Dumitru , J. A. Maruhn , H. Stöcker , W. Greiner , D. H. Rischke

Heavy Ion Collisions (HIC) represent a unique tool to probe the in-medium nuclear interaction in regions away from saturation. In this report we present a selection of new reaction observables in dissipative collisions particularly…

In the framework of the Glauber approach we analyze the shape parameters of the early-formed system and their event-by-event fluctuations. We test a variety of models: the conventional wounded nucleon model, a model admixing binary…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Wojciech Broniowski , Piotr Bozek , Maciej Rybczynski

Ultracentral heavy ion collisions due to their exceptionally large multiplicity probe an interesting regime of quark-gluon plasma where the size is (mostly) fixed and fluctuations in the initial condition dominate. Spurred by the recent…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-11 Govert Nijs , Wilke van der Schee

The Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) project is the proposal to use the existing LHC proton/ion beams and construct a new electron beam line to perform high-energy electron-proton/ion collisions. In this talk, we consider some of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-10-02 Ilkka Helenius , Hannu Paukkunen , Néstor Armesto

The study of heavy-ion collisions presents a challenge to both theoretical and experimental nuclear physics. Due to the extremely short lifetime and small size of the collision system, disentangling information provided by experimental…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-27 Derek Everett

Five years have passed since the first collisions of Au nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) on Long Island. With nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of up to sqrt(s_NN)=200GeV…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Franz

The proposed high luminosity high energy Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will explore the proton/nuclear structure in a wide Bjorken-x ($x_{BJ}$) and $Q^{2}$ phase space. Heavy flavor products are generated in initial collisions and have their…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-06-21 Xuan Li

We investigate several fluctuation effects in high-energy hadronic and nuclear collisions through the analysis of different observables. To introduce fluctuations in the initial stage of collisions, we use the Interacting Gluon Model (IGM)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 Y. Hama , T. Kodama , Samya Paiva

We investigate aspects of low-energy nuclear reactions that could be explored at the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory and compare them with analogous measurements performed in ultraperipheral…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-24 Carlos A. Bertulani

The spatial distribution of interactions in high energy collisions of heavy nuclei is discussed using the wounded nucleon, binary collision, hard sphere, and colliding disk parameterizations of interaction densities. The mean radius, its…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Jacobs , Glenn Cooper

The upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will address several outstanding puzzles in modern nuclear physics. Key questions-such as the partonic structure of nucleons and nuclei and the origin of their mass and spin-can be explored through…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-02-26 Wan Chang , Elke-Caroline Aschenauer , Alexander Jentsch , Arjun Kumar , Zhoudunming Tu , Zhongbao Yin

Collisions between heavy nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider liberate from the nuclear wavefunction of order 10,000 gluons, quarks and antiquarks. The system is dominated by gluons and up and down (anti) quarks. Heavy quarks,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. L. Nagle

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) design study is aimed at assessing the physics potential and the technical feasibility of a new collider with centre-of-mass energies, in the hadron-hadron collision mode including proton and nucleus…

Single-particle radiative mechanism of $\gamma$ emission embedded into the pre-equilibrium exciton model is used to calculate the $\gamma$ emission from a decay of $^{160}$Er$^{*}$ created in two different ways. The initial stage of a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Betak

We investigate the processes leading to phase-space equilibration of parton distributions in nuclear interactions at collider energies. We derive a set of rate equations describing the chemical equilibration of gluons and quarks including…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 T. S. Biro , E. van Doorn , B. Mueller , M. H. Thoma , X. N. Wang

We compute how the initial energy density and produced gluon, quark and antiquark numbers scale with atomic number and beam energy in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The computation is based on the argument that the effect of all…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 K. J. Eskola , K. Kajantie , P. V. Ruuskanen , K. Tuominen

It has been theorized that if heavy nuclei (e.g. Au, Pb) are collided at sufficiently high energies, we might be to recreate the conditions that existed in the universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang. The kinetic energy of the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2007-07-18 Anuj K. Purwar

We propose a new criterium for saturation of the density of partons both in nucleons and nuclei. It is applicable to any multiple scattering model which would be used to compute the number of strings exchanged in $ep$ and $eA$ collisions.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 N. Armesto , C. A. Salgado

We extend previous work on high energy nuclear collisions in the Color Glass Condensate model to study collisions of finite ultrarelativistic nuclei. The changes implemented include a) imposition of color neutrality at the nucleon level and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-07-09 Alex Krasnitz , Yasushi Nara , Raju Venugopalan