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In heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies, the incident nuclei travel at nearly the speed of light. These collisions deposit kinetic energy into the overlap region and create a high-temperature environment where hadrons ``melt'' into…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-12-02 Diyu Shen , Jinhui Chen , Xu-Guang Huang , Yu-Gang Ma , Aihong Tang , Gang Wang

The early stages in the evolution of the gluons produced in the central region of a head-on high-energy heavy ion collision is studied. An equation is given for the rate of change of transverse momentum into longitudinal momentum where the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 A. H. Mueller

We investigate the transverse energy-energy correlators (TEEC) in the small-$x$ regime at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). Focusing on the back-to-back production of electron-hadron pairs in both $ep$ and $eA$ collisions, we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-06 Zhong-Bo Kang , Jani Penttala , Fanyi Zhao , Yiyu Zhou

I give a brief overview of the science cases of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with a particular emphasis on the connections to the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 Yoshitaka Hatta

A polarized ep/eA collider (Electron-Ion Collider, or EIC) with variable center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) ~ 20-70 GeV and a luminosity ~ 10^{34} cm^{-2} s^{-1} would be uniquely suited to address several outstanding questions of Quantum…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-30 A. Accardi , V. Guzey , A. Prokudin , C. Weiss

The Electron--Ion Collider (EIC) offers a unique environment to study kinematically controlled lepton--nucleus (e+A) reactions, where a primary hard scattering is followed by an intranuclear cascade and the subsequent statistical…

We investigate the evolution of nuclear excitation in electron-nucleus (e+A) collisions at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) using the BeAGLE event generator. Leveraging the EIC's unique collider kinematics, we demonstrate the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-10 Niseem Magdy

A unique new facility, capable of colliding beams of electrons with a wide range of nuclei as well as polarized protons and light ions, has been proposed to study the role of gluons in matter and perform precision mapping of the structure…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 C. A. Aidala

In this work, we investigate the feasibility of defining centrality in electron-ion collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) by examining the correlation between the impact parameter and several observables, including total energy,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-10 Mariam Hegazy , Aliaa Rafaat , Niseem Magdy , Wenliang Li , Abhay Deshpande , A. M. H. Abdelhady , A. Y. Ellithi

Exploring the nucleon's sea quark and gluon structure is a prime objective of a future electron-ion collider (EIC). Many of the key questions require accurate differential semi-inclusive (spin/flavor decomposition, orbital motion) and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-08-17 T. Horn , P. Nadel-Turonski , C. Weiss

The fluid-dynamical modeling of a nuclear collision at high energy usually starts shortly after the collision. A major source of uncertainty comes from the detailed modeling of the initial state. While the collision itself likely involves…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-22 Andreas Kirchner , Federica Capellino , Eduardo Grossi , Stefan Floerchinger

The future electron-ion collider (EIC) will produce the first-ever high energy collisions between electrons and a wide range of nuclei, opening a new era in the study of cold nuclear matter. Quarks and gluons produced in these collisions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-03 Kyle Devereaux , Wenqing Fan , Weiyao Ke , Kyle Lee , Ian Moult

In high energy collisions involving small nuclei (p+p or x+Au collisions where x=p, d, or $^3$He) the fluctuating size, shape and internal gluonic structure of the nucleon is shown to have a strong effect on the initial size and shape of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-21 Kevin Welsh , Jordan Singer , Ulrich W. Heinz

We outline the physics opportunities provided by the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). These include the study of the parton structure of the nucleon and nuclei, the onset of gluon saturation, the production of jets and heavy flavor, hadron…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-25 Raktim Abir , Igor Akushevich , Tolga Altinoluk , Daniele Paolo Anderle , Fatma P. Aslan , Alessandro Bacchetta , Baha Balantekin , Joao Barata , Marco Battaglieri , Carlos A. Bertulani , Guillaume Beuf , Chiara Bissolotti , Daniël Boer , M. Boglione , Radja Boughezal , Eric Braaten , Nora Brambilla , Vladimir Braun , Duane Byer , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Yang-Ting Chien , Ian C. Cloët , Martha Constantinou , Wim Cosyn , Aurore Courtoy , Alexander Czajka , Umberto D'Alesio , Giuseppe Bozzi , Igor Danilkin , Debasish Das , Daniel de Florian , Andrea Delgado , J. P. B. C. de Melo , William Detmold , Michael Döring , Adrian Dumitru , Miguel G. Echevarria , Robert Edwards , Gernot Eichmann , Bruno El-Bennich , Michael Engelhardt , Cesar Fernandez-Ramirez , Christian Fischer , Geofrey Fox , Adam Freese , Leonard Gamberg , Maria Vittoria Garzelli , Francesco Giacosa , Gustavo Gil da Silveira , Derek Glazier , Victor P. Goncalves , Silas Grossberndt , Feng-Kun Guo , Rajan Gupta , Yoshitaka Hatta , Martin Hentschinski , Astrid Hiller Blin , Radja Boughezal , Timothy Hobbs , Alexander Ilyichev , Jamal Jalilian-Marian , Chueng-Ryong Ji , Shuo Jia , Zhong-Bo Kang , Bishnu Karki , Weiyao Ke , Vladimir Khachatryan , Dmitri Kharzeev , Spencer R. Klein , Vladimir Korepin , Yuri Kovchegov , Brandon Kriesten , Shunzo Kumano , Wai Kin Lai , Richard Lebed , Christopher Lee , Kyle Lee , Hai Tao Li , Jifeng Liao , Huey-Wen Lin , Keh-Fei Liu , Simonetta Liuti , Cédric Lorcé , Magno V. T. Machado , Heikki Mantysaari , Vincent Mathieu , Nilmani Mathur , Yacine Mehtar-Tani , Wally Melnitchouk , Emanuele Mereghetti , Andreas Metz , Johannes K. L. Michel , Gerald Miller , Hamlet Mkrtchyan , Asmita Mukherjee , Swagato Mukherjee , Piet Mulders , Stéphane Munier , Francesco Murgia , P. M. Nadolsky , John W Negele , Duff Neill , Jan Nemchik , E. Nocera , Vitalii Okorokov , Fredrick Olness , Barbara Pasquini , Chao Peng , Peter Petreczky , Frank Petriello , Alessandro Pilloni , Bernard Pire , Cristian Pisano , Daniel Pitonyak , Michal Praszalowicz , Alexei Prokudin , Jianwei Qiu , Marco Radici , Khépani Raya , Felix Ringer , Jennifer Rittenhouse West , Arkaitz Rodas , Simone Rodini , Juan Rojo , Farid Salazar , Elena Santopinto , Misak Sargsian , Nobuo Sato , Bjoern Schenke , Stella Schindler , Gunar Schnell , Peter Schweitzer , Ignazio Scimemi , Jorge Segovia , Kirill Semenov-Tian-Shansky , Phiala Shanahan , Ding-Yu Shao , Matt Sievert , Andrea Signori , Rajeev Singh , Vladi Skokov , Qin-Tao Song , Stanislav Srednyak , Iain W. Stewart , Raza Sabbir Sufian , Eric Swanson , Sergey Syritsyn , Adam Szczepaniak , Pawel Sznajder , Asli Tandogan , Yossathorn Tawabutr , A. Tawfik , John Terry , Tobias Toll , Oleksandr Tomalak , Fidele Twagirayezu , Raju Venugopalan , Ivan Vitev , Alexey Vladimirov , Werner Vogelsang , Ramona Vogt , Gojko Vujanovic , Wouter Waalewijn , Xiang-Peng Wang , Bo-Wen Xiao , Hongxi Xing , Yi-Bo Yang , Xiaojun Yao , Feng Yuan , Yong Zhao , Pia Zurita

The physics of the initial conditions of heavy ion collisions is dominated by the nonlinear gluonic interactions of QCD. These lead to the concepts of parton saturation and the Color Glass Condensate (CGC). We discuss recent progress in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-14 T. Lappi

An important part of the physics program at the future electron-ion collider is to understand the nature of hadronization and the transport of energy and matter in large nuclei. Open heavy flavor production in deep inelastic scattering…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-07 Hai Tao Li , Ze Long Liu , Ivan Vitev

Based on rare fluctuations in strong interactions, we argue that there is a strong physical resemblance between the high multiplicity events in photo-nuclear collisions and those in $pA$ collisions, in which interesting long range…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-31 Yu Shi , Lei Wang , Shu-Yi Wei , Bo-Wen Xiao , Liang Zheng

We overview the current status and recent developments on initial conditions in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Specifically, we look at the progress in understanding the role of sub-nucleonic fluctuations in large and small…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Aleksas Mazeliauskas

Recent estimates that Color Glass Condensate initial conditions may generate a larger initial eccentricity for noncentral relativistic heavy ion collisions (relative to the initial eccentricity assumed in earlier hydrodynamic calculations)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 T. Lappi , R. Venugopalan

We present an overview of the current state of understanding of the early time dynamics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions, emphasizing recent developments and connections between the physics of the initial state and that of hard probes in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-01-01 S. Schlichting