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The goal of this paper is to apply the collection of mathematical tools known as the "method of arbitrary functions" to analyze how probability arises from quantum dynamics. We argue that in a toy model of quantum measurement the Born rule…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-26 Liam Bonds , Brooke Burson , Kade Cicchella , Benjamin H. Feintzeig , Lynnx , Alia Yusaini

Page has recently argued that the Born rule does not suffice for computing all probabilities in quantum cosmology. He further asserts that the Born rule's failure gives rise to the cosmological measure problem. Here I contend that Page's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-28 Joshua H. Cooperman

The Born's rule introduces intrinsic randomness to the outcomes of a measurement performed on a quantum mechanical system. But, if the system is prepared in the eigenstate of an observable then the measurement outcome of that observable is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-31 Trina Chakraborty , Manik Banik , Pinaki Patra

The Born postulate can be reduced to its deterministic content that only applies to eigenvectors of observables: the standard probabilistic interpretation of generic states then follows from algebraic properties of repeated measurements and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-13 Alessandro Strumia

Modal interpretations have the ambition to construe quantum mechanics as an objective, man-independent description of physical reality. Their second leading idea is probabilism: quantum mechanics does not completely fix physical reality but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dennis Dieks

We here put forward a simple argument for Born's rule based on the requirement that the probability distribution should not be a function of the number of degrees of freedom.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Sabine Hossenfelder

The quantum mechanics postulate called the Born Rule attributes a probabilistic meaning to a wave function. This paper derives the Born Rule from other quantum principles along with a model of the measurement process. The nondeterministic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Alan Schaum

In order to make the quantum mechanics a closed theory one has to derive the Born rule from the first principles, like the Schroedinger equation, rather than postulate it. The Born rule was in certain sense derived in several articles, e.g.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 G. B. Lesovik

Contrary to general relativity, quantum theory treats space and time in fundamentally different ways. In particular, while joint probabilities associated with spacelike separated measurements are defined in terms of the Born rule, joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 James Fullwood , Zhihao Ma , Zhen Wu

This paper presents a novel explanation of the cause of quantum probabilities and the Born rule based on the intuitionistic interpretation of quantum mechanics where propositions obey constructive (intuitionistic) logic. The use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-14 Arkady Bolotin

To solve the probability problem of the Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, D.Wallace has presented a formal proof of the Born rule via decision theory, as proposed by D.Deutsch. The idea is to get subjective probabilities from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-07 André L. G. Mandolesi

We formalize the hidden measurement approach within the very general notion of an interactive probability model. We narrow down the model by assuming the state space of a physical entity is a complex Hilbert space and introduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Aerts

In this treatise I introduce the time dependent Generalized Born's Rule for the probabilities of quantum events, including conditional and consecutive probabilities, as the unique fundamental time evolution equation of quantum theory. Then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Stephen Bruce Sontz

Zurek's derivation of Born's rule using envariance (invariance due to entanglement) is considered to capture the probability in full generality, but only as applied to measurement of a quantum observable. Contrariwise, textbook formulations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-01 Fedor Herbut

The measurement problem is the issue of explaining how the objective classical world emerges from a quantum one. Here we take a different approach. We assume that there is an objective classical system, and then ask that the standard rules…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Isaac Layton , Jonathan Oppenheim , Zachary Weller-Davies

Zurek claims to have derived Born's rule noncircularly in the context of an ontological no-collapse interpretation of quantum states, without any "deus ex machina imposition of the symptoms of classicality." After a brief review of Zurek's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ulrich Mohrhoff

I argue that various derivations of the Born probability rule within strictly unitary quantum mechanics implicitly use anthropic constraints on the properties of the probabilities, but without proposing an ensemble from which those…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-28 Michael B. Weissman

Quantum theory has evolved from a set of provisional rules to an indispensable framework that underlies much of modern technology and infrastructure. Yet, after a century, Born's probability postulate remains at odds with the theory's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Lionel Brits

We clarify the role of the Born rule in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics by deriving it from Bohr's doctrine of classical concepts, translated into the following mathematical statement: a quantum system described by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-01 N. P. Landsman

Single-world unitary quantum theories imply that some measurements have results whose probabilities can not be calculated by the Born rule.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 J. Finkelstein