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We review the theory of the temperature anisotropy and polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and describe what we have learned from current CMB observations. In particular, we discuss how the CMB is being used to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-22 Anthony Challinor , Hiranya Peiris

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments generally infer a temperature fluctuation from a measured intensity fluctuation through the first term in the Taylor expansion of the Planck function, the relation between the intensity in a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Kamionkowski , Lloyd Knox

Tangled, primordial cosmic magnetic fields create small rotational velocity perturbations on the last scattering surface (LSS) of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). For fields which redshift to a present value of $B_0 =…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 T. R. Seshadri , Kandaswamy Subramanian

The full sky cosmic microwave background polarization field can be decomposed into `electric' and `magnetic' components. Working in harmonic space we construct magnetic variables that can be measured from observations over only a portion of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Antony Lewis , Anthony Challinor , Neil Turok

The presence of matter in the path of relic photons causes distortions in the angular pattern of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations, modifying their properties in a slight but measurable way. Recently, the Planck…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-11 G. A. Marques , C. P. Novaes , A. Bernui , I. S. Ferreira

Scaling properties of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation are studied using satellite (COBE-DMR maps), balloon-borne and ground-based (combined QMASK map) data. Quantitative consistency is found between the multiscaling…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Bershadskii

The power spectrum of temperature anisotropies induced by hot intracluster gas on the cosmic background radiation is calculated. For low multipoles it remains constant while at multipoles above $l>2000$ it is exponentially damped. The shape…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 F. Atrio Barandela , J. P. Muecket

We analyse WMAP 7-year temperature data, jointly modeling the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Galactic foreground emission. We use the Commander code based on Gibbs sampling. Thus, from the WMAP7 data, we derive simultaneously the CMB…

It is likely that the observed large-angular-scale anisotropies in the microwave background radiation are induced by the cosmological perturbations of quantum-mechanical origin. Such perturbations are now placed in squeezed vacuum quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 L. P. Grishchuk

The primary goal of the MAP satellite, now in orbit, is to make high fidelity polarization sensitive maps of the full sky in five frequency bands between 20 and 100 GHz. From these maps we will characterize the properties of the cosmic…

We present a brief review of the polarization properties of the cosmic microwave background in dark matter models for structure formation. Quite independently of the model parameters, the polarization level is expected to be $\sim 10%$ of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Alessandro Melchiorri , Nicola Vittorio

In this paper we develop the theory of clusterization of peaks in a Gaussian random field. We have obtained new mathematical results from this theory and the theory of percolation and have proposed a topological method of analysis of sky…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 D. I. Novikov , H. E. Jorgensen

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 3-year data confirm the ellipticity of anisotropies of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps, found previously for Boomerang and WMAP 1-year high sensitivity maps. The low noise level of the WMAP…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 V. G. Gurzadyan , C. L. Bianco , A. L. Kashin , H. Kuloghlian , G. Yegorian

Using the formalism of spin-weighted functions we present an all-sky analysis of polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Linear polarization is a second-rank symmetric and traceless tensor, which can be decomposed on a sphere…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Matias Zaldarriaga , Uros Seljak

We discuss the time dependence and future of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) in the context of the standard cosmological model, in which we are now entering a state of endless accelerated expansion. The mean temperature will simply…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. P. Zibin , A. Moss , D. Scott

The B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides a unique window into tensor perturbations from inflationary gravitational waves. Survey effects complicate the estimation and description of the power spectrum on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-28 Eric R. Switzer , Duncan J. Watts

The 21-cm global signal is obscured by very bright galactic and extra galactic foreground emissions. Typical single-spectrum fit (SSF) based methods for foreground/signal separation can result in biased estimates of the cosmological signal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-27 Yordan D. Ignatov , Jonathan R. Pritchard

The cosmic microwave background temperature is a cornerstone astrophysical observable. Its present value is tightly constrained, but its redshift dependence, which can now be determined until redshift $z\sim6.34$, is also an important probe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-23 L. Gelo , C. J. A. P. Martins , N. Quevedo , A. M. M. Vieira

Understanding the statistical properties of synchrotron emission from our Galaxy is valuable from the perspective of observations targeting signals of cosmological origin, as well as for understanding physical processes in our Galaxy. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-18 Fazlu Rahman , Pravabati Chingangbam , Tuhin Ghosh

The fluctuations in the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background are described by a hierarchy of Boltzmann equations. In its integral form, this Boltzmann hierarchy can be converted from the usual Fourier-space base…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-02 Paulo H. F. Reimberg , L. Raul Abramo