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It is shown that graph-theoretic problem CLIQUE can't be solved in polynomial time by any deterministic TM. This upgrades the well-known partial result that claims only monotone unsolvability thereof, and eventually implies P $\neq$ NP as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Lev Gordeev

We construct a tensor network that delivers an unnormalized quantum state whose coefficients are the solutions to a given instance of 3SAT, an NP-complete problem. The tensor network contraction that corresponds to the norm of the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-12 A. Garcia-Saez , J. I. Latorre

Symmetries occur naturally in CSP or SAT problems and are not very difficult to discover, but using them to prune the search space tends to be very challenging. Indeed, this usually requires finding specific elements in a group of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-25 Thierry Boy de la Tour , Mnacho Echenim

Many important questions about a model cannot be answered just by explaining how much each feature contributes to its output. To answer a broader set of questions, we generalize a popular, mathematically well-grounded explanation technique,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Dillon Bowen , Lyle Ungar

Schindler recently addressed two versions of the question P $\stackrel{?}{=}$ NP for Turing machines running in transfinite ordinal time. These versions differ in their definition of input length. The corresponding complexity classes are…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vinay Deolalikar

The boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem asks whether there exists an assignment of boolean values to the variables of an arbitrary boolean formula making the formula evaluate to True. It is well-known that all NP-problems can be coded as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Christopher R. Serrano , Jonathan Gallagher , Kenji Yamada , Alexei Kopylov , Michael A. Warren

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) consist of a set of variables taking values from some finite domain and a set of local constraints on these variables. The objective is to find an assignment to the variables that maximizes the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Amey Bhangale , Yezhou Zhang

While prior work established a verifier-based polynomial-time framework for NP, explicit deterministic machines for concrete NP-complete problems have remained elusive. In this paper, we construct fully specified deterministic Turing…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Changryeol Lee

In this paper, we prove that the numerical-semigroup-gap counting problem is #NP-complete as a main theorem. A numerical semigroup is an additive semigroup over the set of all nonnegative integers. A gap of a numerical semigroup is defined…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-01-05 Shunichi Matsubara

This paper gives a novel approach to analyze SAT problem more deeply. First, I define new elements of Boolean formula such as dominant variable, decision chain, and chain coupler. Through the analysis of the SAT problem using the elements,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Keum-Bae Cho

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) is a well-known example of monotonic reasoning, of intense practical interest due to fast solvers, complemented by rigorous fine-grained complexity results. However, for non-monotonic reasoning,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Victor Lagerkvist , Mohamed Maizia , Johannes Schmidt

As it follows from G\"odel's incompleteness theorems, any consistent formal system of axioms and rules of inference should imply a true unprovable statement. Actually, this fundamental principle can be efficiently applicable in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Roman Galay , Daniil Kalistratov

Solving integer programs of the form $\min \{\mathbf{x} \mid A\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{b}, \mathbf{l} \leq \mathbf{x} \leq \mathbf{u}, \mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{Z}^n \}$ is, in general, $\mathsf{NP}$-hard. Hence, great effort has been put into…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Marcin Briański , Alexandra Lassota , Kristýna Pekárková , Michał Pilipczuk , Janina Reuter

A kernelization algorithm for a computational problem is a procedure which compresses an instance into an equivalent instance whose size is bounded with respect to a complexity parameter. For the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT), and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Victor Lagerkvist , Magnus Wahlström

The fixed template Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP) is a recently proposed significant generalization of the fixed template CSP, which includes approximation variants of satisfiability and graph coloring problems. All the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Libor Barto

The NP-complete Permutation Pattern Matching problem asks whether a permutation P (the pattern) can be matched into a permutation T (the text). A matching is an order-preserving embedding of P into T. In the Generalized Permutation Pattern…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-01-15 Marie-Louise Bruner , Martin Lackner

This article presents counter examples for three articles claiming that P=NP. Articles for which it applies are: Moustapha Diaby "P = NP: Linear programming formulation of the traveling salesman problem" and "Equality of complexity classes…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Radoslaw Hofman

The aim of this short note is mainly pedagogical. It summarizes some knowledge about Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and the P=NP? problem in an elementary mathematical language. A convenient scheme to visualize and manipulate CNF formulae is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-08-15 Bernd R. Schuh

Given a satisfiable instance of 1-in-3 SAT, it is NP-hard to find a satisfying assignment for it, but it may be possible to efficiently find a solution subject to a weaker (not necessarily Boolean) predicate than `1-in-3'. There is a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Andrei Krokhin , Danny Vagnozzi

In this paper, we showcase the class XNLP as a natural place for many hard problems parameterized by linear width measures. This strengthens existing $W[1]$-hardness proofs for these problems, since XNLP-hardness implies $W[t]$-hardness for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Hans L. Bodlaender , Carla Groenland , Hugo Jacob , Lars Jaffke , Paloma T. Lima