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Several measures of partisan bias are reviewed for single member districts with two dominant parties. These include variants of the simple bias that considers only deviation of seats from 50% at statewide 50% vote. Also included are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-06-26 John F. Nagle

Annotated datasets are an essential ingredient to train, evaluate, compare and productionalize supervised machine learning models. It is therefore imperative that annotations are of high quality. For their creation, good quality management…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jan-Christoph Klie , Juan Haladjian , Marc Kirchner , Rahul Nair

Almost every software system provides configuration options to tailor the system to the target platform and application scenario. Often, this configurability renders the analysis of every individual system configuration infeasible. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Flávio Medeiros , Christian Kästner , Márcio Ribeiro , Rohit Gheyi , Sven Apel

Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) play an increasingly important role in psychological and behavioral health research. This experimental approach enables researchers to answer scientific questions about how to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 John J. Dziak , Daniel Almirall , Walter Dempsey , Catherine Stanger , Inbal Nahum-Shani

The practice of pooling several individual test statistics to form aggregate tests is common in many statistical application where individual tests may be underpowered. While selection by aggregate tests can serve to increase power, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-08 Ruth Heller , Amit Meir , Nilanjan Chatterjee

We tackle the problem of the estimation of a vector of means from a single vector-valued observation $y$. Whereas previous work reduces the size of the estimates for the largest (absolute) sample elements via shrinkage (like James-Stein) or…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-19 Stephen Reid , Jonathan Taylor , Robert Tibshirani

Computational method for statistical measures of reliability, confidence, and assurance are available for infinite population size. If the population size is finite and small compared to the number of samples tested, these computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Sanjay M. Joshi

In a well-calibrated risk prediction model, the average predicted probability is close to the true event rate for any given subgroup. Such models are reliable across heterogeneous populations and satisfy strong notions of algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Jean Feng , Alexej Gossmann , Romain Pirracchio , Nicholas Petrick , Gene Pennello , Berkman Sahiner

We propose a sampling scheme suitable for reducing a data set prior to selecting a hypothesis with minimum empirical risk. The sampling only considers a subset of the ultimate (unknown) hypothesis set, but can nonetheless guarantee that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-06-25 Paul Mineiro , Nikos Karampatziakis

We consider the problem of providing valid inference for a selected parameter in a sparse regression setting. It is well known that classical regression tools can be unreliable in this context due to the bias generated in the selection…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-07 Daniel G. Rasines , G. Alastair Young

The output of predictive models is routinely recalibrated by reconciling low-level predictions with known derived quantities defined at higher levels of aggregation. For example, models predicting turnout probabilities at the individual…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-14 Evan T. R. Rosenman , Santiago Olivella

In this paper, we address the probabilistic error quantification of a general class of prediction methods. We consider a given prediction model and show how to obtain, through a sample-based approach, a probabilistic upper bound on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-07 Victor Mirasierra , Martina Mammarella , Fabrizio Dabbene , Teodoro Alamo

We show on theoretical grounds that, even in the presence of noise, probabilistic measurement strategies (which have a certain probability of failure or abstention) can provide, upon a heralded successful outcome, estimates with a precision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-27 J. Calsamiglia , B. Gendra , R. Munoz-Tapia , E. Bagan

The potential impact of non-sampling errors on election polls is well known, but measurement has focused on the margin of sampling error. Survey statisticians have long recommended measurement of total survey error by mean square error…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-01 Jeff Dominitz , Charles F. Manski

This note outlines three intellectually distinct but not mutually exclusive strategies for measuring partisan gerrymandering: partisan symmetry, efficiency gap, and algorithmic sampling.

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-01-09 Moon Duchin

To use machine learning in high stakes applications (e.g. medicine), we need tools for building confidence in the system and evaluating whether it is reliable. Methods to improve model reliability often require new learning algorithms (e.g.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-04 Peter Schulam , Suchi Saria

To design Bayesian studies, criteria for the operating characteristics of posterior analyses - such as power and the type I error rate - are often assessed by estimating sampling distributions of posterior probabilities via simulation. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-17 Luke Hagar , Nathaniel T. Stevens

Ensuring product quality is critical to combating the global challenge of substandard and falsified medical products. Post-marketing surveillance is a central quality-assurance activity in which products from consumer-facing locations are…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-04 Eugene Wickett , Matthew Plumlee , Karen Smilowitz , Souly Phanouvong , Timothy Nwogu

Researchers increasingly use meta-analysis to synthesize the results of several studies in order to estimate a common effect. When the outcome variable is continuous, standard meta-analytic approaches assume that the primary studies report…

In systematic reviews and meta-analysis, researchers often pool the results of the sample mean and standard deviation from a set of similar clinical trials. A number of the trials, however, reported the study using the median, the minimum…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-06 Xiang Wan , Wenqian Wang , Jiming Liu , Tiejun Tong