Related papers: Experimental Review of Photon Structure Function D…
Recent measurements of the deuteron electromagnetic structure functions A, B, and $T_{20}$ extracted from high energy elastic $ed$ scattering, and the cross sections and asymmetries extracted from high energy photodisintegration…
Improved measurements of the proton's structure are now possible thanks to significant technical advances that allow us to probe the proton with polarized photons. These measurements have shown that the proton is not as simple as previously…
This review covers the measurements of the QED and QCD structure of quasi-real and virtual photons from the reaction ee --> ee gamma* gamma(*) --> ee X.
The longitudinal structure function for nucleons and nuclei is considered at fixed $\sqrt{s}$ and $Q^2$ to the minimum value of $x$ given by $Q^2/s$. This is done using the expansion method and color dipole model in the next-to-leading…
The quantitative knowledge of heavy nuclei's partonic structure is currently limited to rather large values of momentum fraction $x$ -- robust experimental constraints below $x \sim 10^{-2}$ at low resolution scale $Q^2$ are particularly…
An overview is given of the ongoing measurement at HERA of the parton structure of the photon, as a function of its virtuality. Preliminary ZEUS results show disagreement with an NLO QCD calculation.
Leading corrections to Planck's formula and photon thermodynamics arising from the pair-mediated photon-photon interaction are calculated. This interaction is attractive and causes an increase in occupation number for all modes. Possible…
Recent results from the HERA experiment H1 on the longitudinal stucture function $F_{L}$ of the proton are presented. They include proton structure function analyses with particular emphasis on those kinematic regions which are sensitive to…
The unpolarized virtual photon structure functions $F_2^\gamma(x,Q^2,P^2)$ and $F_L^\gamma(x,Q^2,P^2)$ are investigated in perturbative QCD for the kinematical region $\Lambda^2 \ll P^2 \ll Q^2$, where $-Q^2(-P^2)$ is the mass squared of…
Recent experimental results on the partonic structure of the photon and on the color singlet exchange in strong interaction processes are reviewed. At the LEP electron-positron and HERA lepton-proton colliders, complementary and consistent…
The first measurements of the diffractive structure function $F_2^{D(3)}$ at HERA are discussed. A factorisable interpretation in which a partonic structure is assigned to the pomeron is investigated through QCD analyses in which both the…
A precise proton structure function F_2 at low x is measured. The data is interpreted in the framework of QCD with an extraction of gluon density xg. The charm contribution to F_2 is determined in an extended kinematic range. Neutral and…
We report progress on nuclear structure functions, especially on their nuclear modifications and a new tensor structure function for the deuteron. To understand nuclear structure functions is an important step toward describing nuclei and…
Photoexcitation of the nucleon is studied in the framework of the constituent quark model with nonrelativistic quark-quark interactions. Utilizing the dominance of the pairwise structure of the relevant three-quark potential, the bound and…
Using the recent relatively precise experimental results on the pion structure function, obtained from Drell--Yan processes, we quantitatively test an old model where the structure function of any hadron is determined by that of its…
Kinematic fitting, where constraints such as energy and momentum conservation are imposed on measured four-vectors of jets and leptons, is an important tool to improve the resolution in high-energy physics experiments. At future e+ e-…
A pedagogical introduction to the experimental results on hard photoproduction at HERA is provided. Then the latest results in this field from ZEUS and H1 are reviewed.
Interactions of virtual photons are analyzed in terms of their parton distribution functions. It is shown that the concept of parton distribution functions is phenomenologically very useful even for highly virtual photonds involved in hard…
We point out that in processes involving the parton content of the photon the usual effective photon approximation should be modified. The reason is that the parton content of virtual photons is logarithmically suppressed compared to real…
A short overview of basics aspects of hadronic interaction of the photon is presented.