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The Poisson distribution arises naturally when dealing with data involving counts, and it has found many applications in inverse problems and imaging. In this work, we develop an approximate Bayesian inference technique based on expectation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Chen Zhang , Simon Arridge , Bangti Jin

The decimal digits of $\pi$ are widely believed to behave like as statistically independent random variables taking the values $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$, $6, 7, 8, 9$ with equal probabilities $1/10$. In this article, first, another similar…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-17 Karlis Podnieks

A multivariate fractional Poisson process was recently defined in Beghin and Macci (2016) by considering a common independent random time change for a finite dimensional vector of independent (non-fractional) Poisson processes; moreover it…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-13 Luisa Beghin , Claudio Macci

We present two complementary proofs that, if the lengths of $n$ sticks are sampled at random, then the probability that no $p+1$ sticks can form a $(p+1)$-sided polygon can be expressed as the product of the reciprocals of a series of terms…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Mark Brennan , Noah Callow , Tian Cao Lin

We describe an embarrassingly parallel, anytime Monte Carlo method for likelihood-free models. The algorithm starts with the view that the stochasticity of the pseudo-samples generated by the simulator can be controlled externally by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-03 Edward Meeds , Max Welling

The authors give an approximation method for Bayesian inference in arena model, which is focused on paired comparisons with eliminations and bifurcations. The approximation method simplifies the inference by reducing parameters and…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-20 Yutong Nie , Chenhe Zhang

We analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the probability of observing the expected number of successes at each stage of a sequence of nested Bernoulli trials. Our motivation is the attempt to give a genuinely frequentist interpretation to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Eckhard Schlemm

In this paper we consider a scenario where there are several algorithms for solving a given problem. Each algorithm is associated with a probability of success and a cost, and there is also a penalty for failing to solve the problem. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Shlomo Moran , Irad Yavneh

A new fractional non-homogeneous counting process has been introduced and developed using the Kilbas and Saigo three-parameter generalization of the Mittag-Leffler function. The probability distribution function of this process reproduces…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-01 Nick Laskin

This paper introduces and reviews some of the principles and methods used in Bayesian reliability. It specifically discusses methods used in the analysis of success/no-success data and then reminds the reader of a simple Monte Carlo…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-10 Carsten H. Botts

Probabilistic proofs of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma imply that random projection can reduce the dimension of a data set and approximately preserve pairwise distances. If a distance being approximately preserved is called a success, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Jason Bernstein , Alec M. Dunton , Benjamin W. Priest

The experimental problem of converting a measured binomial quantity, the fraction of events in a sample that pass a cut, into a physical binomial quantity, the fraction of events originating from a signal source, is described as a system of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael L. Kelly

The emergent field of probabilistic numerics has thus far lacked clear statistical principals. This paper establishes Bayesian probabilistic numerical methods as those which can be cast as solutions to certain inverse problems within the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-15 Jon Cockayne , Chris Oates , Tim Sullivan , Mark Girolami

We describe a simple Monte Carlo method for estimating $\pi$ by tossing a coin. Although the underlying Catalan-number series identities appear implicitly in the probability theory literature, the interpretation of $\frac{\pi}{4}$ presented…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Jim Propp

The hypothesis of randomness is fundamental in statistical machine learning and in many areas of nonparametric statistics; it says that the observations are assumed to be independent and coming from the same unknown probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-08 Vladimir Vovk

A Bernoulli factory is a model for randomness manipulation that transforms an initial Bernoulli random variable into another Bernoulli variable by applying a predetermined function relating the output bias to the input one. In literature,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Francesco Hoch , Taira Giordani , Gonzalo Carvacho , Nicolò Spagnolo , Fabio Sciarrino

A very simple event frequency approximation algorithm that is sensitive to event timeliness is suggested. The algorithm iteratively updates categorical click-distribution, producing (path of) a random walk on a standard $n$-dimensional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-05-29 Alexander Kushkuley

Experimental demonstration of the quantum advantage over classical simulations with Boson Sampling is currently under intensive investigation. There seems to be a scalability issue to the necessary number of bosons on the linear optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Valery Shchesnovich

Given a sequence of numbers $\{p_n\}$ in $[0,1]$, consider the following experiment. First, we flip a fair coin and then, at step $n$, we turn the coin over to the other side with probability $p_n$, $n\ge 2$. What can we say about the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-13 Janos Englander , Stanislav Volkov

A research frontier has emerged in scientific computation, wherein numerical error is regarded as a source of epistemic uncertainty that can be modelled. This raises several statistical challenges, including the design of statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-19 François-Xavier Briol , Chris. J. Oates , Mark Girolami , Michael A. Osborne , Dino Sejdinovic