Related papers: At the root of things
Based on local gauge invariance, four different kinds of fundamental interactions in Nature are unified in a theory which has $SU(3)_c \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes U(1) \otimes_s Gravitational Gauge Group$ gauge symmetry. In this approach,…
I review why we believe the electromagnetic, strong, and weak interactions are gauge theories, and what this implies for the self interactions of the gauge bosons. The modern point of view regarding non-renormalizable effective field…
Quantum theory can be understood as pointing to an ontology of relations. I observe that this reading of quantum mechanics is supported by the ubiquity of relationality in contemporary fundamental physics, including in classical mechanics,…
This study proposes that all the known fundamental forces including gravity may be described by local gauge theories. Gravitational, electroweak, and strong interactions on length scales from 10^{-33} cm to 10^{28} cm are systematically…
The current description of fundamental interactions is based on two theories with the status of standard models. The electromagnetic and nuclear interactions are described at a quantum level by the Standard Model of particle physics, using…
The fundamental interactions of nature, the electroweak and the quantum chromodynamics, are described in the Standard Model by the Gauge Theory under internal symmetries that maintain the invariance of the functional action. The fundamental…
These lectures present some basic facts in field theory necessary to understand the quantum theory of the Standard Model of weak and electromagnetic interactions.
Quantum chromodynamics is the quantum gauge field theory that describes the strong interactions. This article reviews the basic structure, successes and challenges of quantum chromodynamics as it manifests itself at short and long…
The Standard Model of the electroweak and strong interactions of particle physics is a quantum field theory. Elementary particles are not indivisible `pieces' of matter but energy bundles of fields, whose properties and interactions are a…
Quantum gravity was born as that branch of modern theoretical physics that tries to unify its guiding principles, i.e., quantum mechanics and general relativity. Nowadays it is providing new insight into the unification of all fundamental…
An introduction to nuclear theory is given starting from the quantum chromodynamics foundations for quark and gluon fields, then discussing properties of pions and nucleons, interactions between nucleons, structure of the deuteron and light…
Thermodynamics is based on a coarse-grained approach, from which its fundamental variables emerge, effectively erasing the complicate details of the microscopic dynamics within a macroscopic system. The strength of Thermodynamics lies in…
Spin is commonly thought to reflect the true quantum nature of microphysics. We show that spin is related to intrinsic and field-like properties of single particles. These properties change continuously in external magnetic fields.…
Symmetry plays a central role in quantum field theory. Recent developments include symmetries that act on defects and other subsystems, and symmetries that are categorical rather than group-like. These generalized notions of symmetry allow…
A new application of quantum field theory is developed that gives a description of the internal dynamics of dressed elementary particles and predicts their masses. The fermionic and bosonic quantum fields are treated as interdependent…
In classical mechanics matter and fields are completely separated. Matter interacts with fields. For particle physicists this is not the case. Both matter and fields are represented by particles. Fundamental interactions are mediated by…
The many-body problem is ubiquitous in the theoretical description of physical phenomena, ranging from the behavior of elementary particles to the physics of electrons in solids. Most of our understanding of many-body systems comes from…
One of the biggest revelations of 20th century physics, is virtually unheard of outside the inner circles of particle physics. This is the gauge theory, the foundation for how all physical interactions are described and a guiding principle…
Generalized symmetries (also known as categorical symmetries) is a newly developing technique for studying quantum field theories. It has given us new insights into the structure of QFT and many new powerful tools that can be applied to the…
At the primary level of reality as described by quantum field theory, a fundamental particle like an electron represents a stable, discrete, propagating excited state of its underlying quantum field. QFT also tells us that the lowest vacuum…