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A 'process theory' is any theory of systems and processes which admits sequential and parallel composition. `Terminality' unifies normalisation of pure states, trace-preservation of CP-maps, and adding up to identity of positive operators…
Study designs classified as quasi- or natural experiments are typically accorded more face validity than observational study designs more broadly. However, there is ambiguity in the literature about what qualifies as a quasi-experiment.…
We investigate the possibility of a semantic account of the execution time (i.e. the number of \beta_v-steps leading to the normal form, if any) for the shuffling calculus, an extension of Plotkin's call-by-value {\lambda}-calculus. For…
The reasoning with qualitative uncertainty measures involves comparative statements about events in terms of their likeliness without necessarily assigning an exact numerical value to these events. The paper is divided into two parts. In…
A rigorous general definition of quantum probability is given, which is valid for elementary events and for composite events, for operationally testable measurements as well as for inconclusive measurements, and also for non-commuting…
In multi-task learning, a learner is given a collection of prediction tasks and needs to solve all of them. In contrast to previous work, which required that annotated training data is available for all tasks, we consider a new setting, in…
In the past decade, the toolkit of quantum information has been expanded to include processes in which the basic operations do not have definite causal relations. Originally considered in the context of the unification of quantum mechanics…
Comparison of statistical models (experiments) is an important branch of mathematical statistics, which gives deep insights in many aspects of foundation of statistics. So far, there are two quantum versions of the concept: Comparison with…
The ability of fully reconstructing quantum maps is a fundamental task of quantum information, in particular when coupling with the environment and experimental imperfections of devices are taken into account. In this context we carry out a…
Temporal logics stands for a widely adopted family of formalisms for the verification of computational devices, enriching propositional logics by operators predicating on the step-wise behaviour of a system. Its quantified extensions allow…
Interpretation of the nonclassical total probability formula arising in some quantum experiments is provided based on stochastic models described by means of a sequence of random vectors changing in the measurement procedures.
Coherent control, aka quantum control, is a central concept in quantum computing that is attracting increasing attention from both the quantum foundations and quantum software communities. Defining coherent control in the presence of…
Data provenance consists in bookkeeping meta information during query evaluation, in order to enrich query results with their trust level, likelihood, evaluation cost, and more. The framework of semiring provenance abstracts from the…
The notion of state vector is, in quantum mechanics, as central as it is problematic, as illustrates the wealth of publications about the sub- jects, including in particular the many attempts to obtain an acceptable interpretation of…
After some general remarks about the interrelation between philosophical and statistical thinking, the discussion centres largely on significance tests. These are defined as the calculation of $p$-values rather than as formal procedures for…
We consider difference equations with several non-monotone deviating arguments and nonnegative coefficients. The deviations (delays and advances) are, generally, unbounded. Sufficient oscillation conditions are obtained in an explicit…
Among the various forms of reasoning studied in the context of artificial intelligence, qualitative reasoning makes it possible to infer new knowledge in the context of imprecise, incomplete information without numerical values. In this…
In this paper, we outline the prototype of an automated inference tool, called QUIP, which provides a uniform implementation for several nonmonotonic reasoning formalisms. The theoretical basis of QUIP is derived from well-known results…
Whether neural information processing is entirely classical or involves quantum-mechanical elements remains an open question. Here we propose a model-agnostic, information-theoretic test of nonclassicality that bypasses microscopic…
We examine the convergence properties of sequences of nonnegative real numbers that satisfy a particular class of recursive inequalities, from the perspective of proof theory and computability theory. We first establish a number of results…