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We show how to create practical, efficient, quantum repeaters, employing double-photon guns, for long-distance optical quantum communication. The guns create polarization-entangled photon pairs on demand. One such source might be a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Pieter Kok , Colin P. Williams , Jonathan P. Dowling

Reliable quantum communication over hundreds of kilometers is a daunting yet necessary requirement for a quantum internet. To overcome photon loss, the deployment of quantum repeater stations between distant network nodes is necessary. A…

We propose a hybrid quantum repeater protocol combining the advantages of continuous and discrete variables. The repeater is based on the previous work of Brask et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 160501 (2010)] but we present two ways of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-13 J. Borregaard , J. B. Brask , A. S. Sørensen

Decoherence is detrimental to quantum key distribution (QKD) over large distances. One of the proposed solutions is to use quantum repeaters, which divide the total distance between the users into smaller segments to minimise the effects of…

Long-distance entanglement distribution is the key task for quantum networks, enabling applications such as secure communication and distributed quantum computing. Here we report on novel developments extending the reach for sharing…

Quantum communication enables a host of applications that cannot be achieved by classical communication means, with provably secure communication as one of the prime examples. The distance that quantum communication schemes can cover via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Sebastiaan Brand , Tim Coopmans , David Elkouss

We present a scheme of quantum repeater that uses entangled multimode coherent states which are obtained by electro-optic modulation of symmetric and antisymmetric Schr\"odinger cat states. In this method subcarrier modes of the phase…

Extended quantum networks are based on quantum repeaters that often rely on the distribution of entanglement in an efficient and heralded fashion over multiple network nodes. Many repeater architectures require multiplexed sources of…

Quantum networks are composed of nodes which can send and receive quantum states by exchanging photons. Their goal is to facilitate quantum communication between any nodes, something which can be used to send secret messages in a secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonio Acin , J. Ignacio Cirac , Maciej Lewenstein

Distributing quantum states reliably among distant locations is a key challenge in the field of quantum networks. One-way quantum networks address this by using one-way communication and quantum error correction. Here, we analyze quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Hyeongrak Choi , Dirk Englund , Stephanie Wehner

We present a "hybrid quantum repeater" protocol for the long-distance distribution of atomic entangled states beyond qubits. In our scheme, imperfect noisy entangled pairs of two qudits, i.e., two discrete-variable $d$-level systems, each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Marcel Bergmann , Peter van Loock

In the absence of quantum repeaters, quantum communication proved to be nearly impossible across optical fibres longer than $\gtrsim 20\text{ km}$ due to the drop of transmissivity below the critical threshold of $1/2$. However, if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Francesco Anna Mele , Ludovico Lami , Vittorio Giovannetti

In large-scale quantum networks, quantum repeaters provide an efficient method to distribute entangled states among selected nodes for realizing long-distance and complicated quantum communications. However, extending quantum repeater…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Tianen Chen , Yun Shang , Chitong Chen , Heng Fan

Single neutral atoms in optical tweezer arrays offer a promising platform for high-fidelity quantum computing at local nodes. Nonetheless, creating entanglement between remote nodes in a distributed quantum network remains challenging due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Xiaoshui Lin , Yefeng Mei , Chuanwei Zhang

We propose a quantum repeater protocol which builds on the well-known DLCZ protocol [L.M. Duan, M.D. Lukin, J.I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Nature 414, 413 (2001)], but which uses photon pair sources in combination with memories that allow to…

We describe a novel protocol for a quantum repeater which enables long distance quantum communication through realistic, lossy photonic channels. Contrary to previous proposals, our protocol incorporates active purification of arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 L. Childress , J. M. Taylor , A. S. Sorensen , M. D. Lukin

We present an exact rate analysis for a secret key that can be shared among two parties employing a linear quantum repeater chain. One of our main motivations is to address the question whether simply placing quantum memories along a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-22 Lars Kamin , Evgeny Shchukin , Frank Schmidt , Peter van Loock

Quantum networks based on atomic qubits and scattered photons provide a promising way to build a large-scale quantum information processor. We review quantum protocols for generating entanglement and operating gates between two distant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 L. Luo , D. Hayes , T. A. Manning , D. N. Matsukevich , P. Maunz , S. Olmschenk , J. D. Sterk , C. Monroe

Quantum communications promises reliable transmission of quantum information, efficient distribution of entanglement and generation of completely secure keys. For all these tasks, we need to determine the optimal point-to-point rates that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-27 Stefano Pirandola , Riccardo Laurenza , Carlo Ottaviani , Leonardo Banchi

A major application of quantum communication is the distribution of entangled particles for use in quantum key distribution (QKD). Due to noise in the communication line, QKD is in practice limited to a distance of a few hundred kilometres,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-28 Stefan Bäuml , Matthias Christandl , Karol Horodecki , Andreas Winter