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The preparation of the next-generation of large-scale radio experiments requires running a large number of simulations to explore multiple detector configurations over vast areas and develop novel methods for the reconstruction of air…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-19 Simon Chiche , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Matias Tueros , Krijn D. de Vries

The present status of extensive air shower (EAS) simulation procedures is reviewed. The advantages of combining numerical and Monte Carlo methods for the description of EAS development are discussed. Physics content of cosmic ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-10-08 S. Ostapchenko

A prototype system for detecting radio pulses associated with extensive cosmic ray air showers is described. Sensitivity is compared with that in previous experiments, and lessons are noted for future studies.

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Jonathan L. Rosner , Denis A. Suprun

Atmosphere-skimming air showers are initiated by cosmic rays with incoming directions that allow the cascade to develop entirely within the atmosphere, without reaching the ground. Radio pulses induced by this type of showers have already…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-16 Matías Tueros , Sergio Cabana-Freire , Jaime Álvarez-Muñiz

The Pierre Auger Collaboration is exploring the potential of radio-detection techniques to measure the extensive air showers. The main advantage of these setups is the possibility to cover a large area with no atmospheric attenuation and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 K. Louedec

We present a new mechanism for air shower radio emission due to the sudden absorption of secondary particles when the shower front hits the ground. The electrons present in excess during the air shower development imply a net residual…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-11-15 Benoît Revenu , Vincent Marin

In this work the estimation of the lateral distribution function in Extensive Air showers was performed by using a system for air shower simulations which is called AIRES version 2.6 for different hadronic models like (QGSJET99, SIBYLL and…

General Physics · Physics 2013-09-16 A. Ahmed Al-Rubaiee , Ahmed Jumaah

Based on CORSIKA and REAS2 simulations, we investigate the dependence of geosynchrotron radio emission from extensive air showers on the energy of the primary cosmic ray and the depth of the shower maximum. It is found that at a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. Huege , R. Ulrich , R. Engel

In 1965 it was discovered that cosmic ray air showers emit impulsive radio signals at frequencies below 100 MHz. After a period of intense research in the 1960s and 1970s, however, interest in the detection technique faded almost…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-20 T. Huege

Over the last few decades, radio detection has become one of the standard techniques to study high-energy cosmic-ray air showers. For the purpose of analysing the data, we heavily rely on Monte Carlo simulations. Upcoming dense radio array…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-20 Mitja Desmet , Stijn Buitink , Tim Huege

The radio emission of cosmic-ray air-showers changes significantly depending on parameters like signal frequency, magnetic field configuration and observing altitude. We use CoREAS simulations to adapt an existing signal model for the radio…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-10 Lukas Gülzow , Ralph Engel , Tim Huege , Markus Roth , Felix Schlüter

LOPES was the radio extension of the KASCADE-Grande particle-detector array consisting of up to 30 antennas measuring the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers between 40 and 80 MHz with an energy threshold of around 100 PeV. Even with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 Frank G. Schröder , Katrin Link

Radio pulses are emitted during the development of air showers, where air showers are generated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays entering the Earth's atmosphere. These nanosecond short pulses are presently investigated by various…

For fifty years, cosmic-ray air showers have been detected by their radio emission. We present the first laboratory measurements that validate electrodynamics simulations used in air shower modeling. An experiment at SLAC provides a beam…

This review provides an introduction to the radio emission by particle cascades, an overview on the various experiments, and explains methods for the radio measurement of air-shower properties. Furthermore, potential applications of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-04 Frank G. Schröder

Relativistic, charged particles present in extensive air showers lead to a coherent emission of radio pulses which are measured to identify the shower initiating high-energy cosmic rays. Especially during thunderstorms, there are additional…

To simulate the interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth atmosphere requires highly complex computational resources and several statistical techniques have been developed to simplify those calculations. It is common to implement the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-10 A. Estupiñán , H. Asorey , L. A. Núñez

Codalema is one of the experiments devoted to the detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays by the radio method. The main objective is to study the features of the radio signal induced by the development in the atmosphere of extensive air…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-11-15 Ahmed Rebai

Radio detection of inclined air showers currently receives special attention. It can be performed with very sparse antenna arrays and yields a pure measurement of the electromagnetic air-shower component, thus delivering information that is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-02 Tim Huege , Felix Schlueter , Lukas Brenk

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-21 The Pierre Auger Collaboration , Alexander Aab , Pedro Abreu , Marco Aglietta , Eun-Joo Ahn , Imen Al Samarai , Ivone Albuquerque , Ingomar Allekotte , Patrick Allison , Alejandro Almela , Jesus Alvarez Castillo , Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz , Rafael Alves Batista , Michelangelo Ambrosio , Amin Aminaei , Gioacchino Alex Anastasi , Luis Anchordoqui , Sofia Andringa , Carla Aramo , Fernando Arqueros , Nicusor Arsene , Hernán Gonzalo Asorey , Pedro Assis , Julien Aublin , Gualberto Avila , Nafiun Awal , Alina Mihaela Badescu , Colin Baus , Jim Beatty , Karl Heinz Becker , Jose A. Bellido , Corinne Berat , Mario Edoardo Bertaina , Xavier Bertou , Peter Biermann , Pierre Billoir , Simon G. Blaess , Alberto Blanco , Miguel Blanco , Jiri Blazek , Carla Bleve , Hans Blümer , Martina Boháčová , Denise Boncioli , Carla Bonifazi , Nataliia Borodai , Jeffrey Brack , Iliana Brancus , Thomas Bretz , Ariel Bridgeman , Pedro Brogueira , Peter Buchholz , Antonio Bueno , Stijn Buitink , Mario Buscemi , Karen S. Caballero-Mora , Barbara Caccianiga , Lorenzo Caccianiga , Marina Candusso , Laurentiu Caramete , Rossella Caruso , Antonella Castellina , Gabriella Cataldi , Lorenzo Cazon , Rosanna Cester , Alan G. Chavez , Andrea Chiavassa , Jose Augusto Chinellato , Jiri Chudoba , Marco Cilmo , Roger W Clay , Giuseppe Cocciolo , Roberta Colalillo , Alan Coleman , Laura Collica , Maria Rita Coluccia , Ruben Conceição , Fernando Contreras , Mathew J. Cooper , Alain Cordier , Stephane Coutu , Corbin Covault , James Cronin , Richard Dallier , Bruno Daniel , Sergio Dasso , Kai Daumiller , Bruce R. Dawson , Rogerio M. de Almeida , Sijbrand J. de Jong , Giuseppe De Mauro , Joao de Mello Neto , Ivan De Mitri , Jaime de Oliveira , Vitor de Souza , Luis del Peral , Olivier Deligny , Niraj Dhital , Claudio Di Giulio , Armando Di Matteo , Johana Chirinos Diaz , Mary Lucia Díaz Castro , Francisco Diogo , Carola Dobrigkeit , Wendy Docters , Juan Carlos D'Olivo , Alexei Dorofeev , Qader Dorosti Hasankiadeh , Rita dos Anjos , Maria Teresa Dova , Jan Ebr , Ralph Engel , Martin Erdmann , Mona Erfani , Carlos O. Escobar , Joao Espadanal , Alberto Etchegoyen , Heino Falcke , Ke Fang , Glennys Farrar , Anderson Fauth , Norberto Fazzini , Andrew P. Ferguson , Brian Fick , Juan Manuel Figueira , Alberto Filevich , Andrej Filipčič , Octavian Fratu , Martín Miguel Freire , Toshihiro Fujii , Beatriz García , Diego Garcia-Gamez , Diego Garcia-Pinto , Florian Gate , Hartmut Gemmeke , Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu , Piera Luisa Ghia , Ugo Giaccari , Marco Giammarchi , Maria Giller , Dariusz Głas , Christian Glaser , Henry Glass , Geraldina Golup , Mariano Gómez Berisso , Primo F. Gómez Vitale , Nicolás González , Ben Gookin , Jacob Gordon , Alessio Gorgi , Peter Gorham , Philippe Gouffon , Nathan Griffith , Aurelio Grillo , Trent D. Grubb , Fausto Guarino , Germano Guedes , Matías Rolf Hampel , Patricia Hansen , Diego Harari , Thomas A. Harrison , Sebastian Hartmann , John Harton , Andreas Haungs , Thomas Hebbeker , Dieter Heck , Philipp Heimann , Alexander E. Herve , Gary C. Hill , Carlos Hojvat , Nicholas Hollon , Ewa Holt , Piotr Homola , Jörg Hörandel , Pavel Horvath , Miroslav Hrabovský , Daniel Huber , Tim Huege , Antonio Insolia , Paula Gina Isar , Ingolf Jandt , Stefan Jansen , Cecilia Jarne , Jeffrey A. Johnsen , Mariela Josebachuili , Alex Kääpä , Olga Kambeitz , Karl Heinz Kampert , Peter Kasper , Igor Katkov , Bianca Keilhauer , Ernesto Kemp , Roger Kieckhafer , Hans Klages , Matthias Kleifges , Jonny Kleinfeller , Raphael Krause , Nicole Krohm , Daniel Kuempel , Gasper Kukec Mezek , Norbert Kunka , Alaa Metwaly Kuotb Awad , Danielle LaHurd , Luca Latronico , Robert Lauer , Markus Lauscher , Pascal Lautridou , Sandra Le Coz , Didier Lebrun , Paul Lebrun , Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira , Antoine Letessier-Selvon , Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon , Katrin Link , Luis Lopes , Rebeca López , Aida López Casado , Karim Louedec , Agustin Lucero , Max Malacari , Manuela Mallamaci , Jennifer Maller , Dusan Mandat , Paul Mantsch , Analisa Mariazzi , Vincent Marin , Ioana Mariş , Giovanni Marsella , Daniele Martello , Humberto Martinez , Oscar Martínez Bravo , Diane Martraire , Jimmy Masías Meza , Hermann-Josef Mathes , Sebastian Mathys , James Matthews , John Matthews , Giorgio Matthiae , Daniela Maurizio , Eric Mayotte , Peter Mazur , Carlos Medina , Gustavo Medina-Tanco , Rebecca Meissner , Victor Mello , Diego Melo , Alexander Menshikov , Stefano Messina , Maria Isabel Micheletti , Lukas Middendorf , Ignacio A. Minaya , Lino Miramonti , Bogdan Mitrica , Laura Molina-Bueno , Silvia Mollerach , François Montanet , Carlo Morello , Miguel Mostafá , Celio A. Moura , Marcio Aparecido Muller , Gero Müller , Sarah Müller , Sergio Navas , Petr Necesal , Lukas Nellen , Anna Nelles , Jens Neuser , Phong H. Nguyen , Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu , Marcus Niechciol , Lukas Niemietz , Tim Niggemann , Dave Nitz , Dalibor Nosek , Vladimir Novotny , Lyberis Nožka , Luis Núñez , Livingstone Ochilo , Foteini Oikonomou , Angela Olinto , Noelia Pacheco , Daniel Pakk Selmi-Dei , Miroslav Palatka , Juan Pallotta , Philipp Papenbreer , Gonzalo Parente , Alejandra Parra , Thomas Paul , Miroslav Pech , Jan Pękala , Rodrigo Pelayo , Iuri Pepe , Lorenzo Perrone , Emily Petermann , Christine Peters , Sergio Petrera , Yevgeniy Petrov , Jamyang Phuntsok , Ricardo Piegaia , Tanguy Pierog , Pablo Pieroni , Mário Pimenta , Valerio Pirronello , Manuel Platino , Matthias Plum , Alessio Porcelli , Czeslaw Porowski , Raul Ribeiro Prado , Paolo Privitera , Michael Prouza , Eduardo J Quel , Sven Querchfeld , Sean Quinn , Julian Rautenberg , Olivier Ravel , Diego Ravignani , Darius Reinert , Benoît Revenu , Jan Ridky , Markus Risse , Pablo Ristori , Vincenzo Rizi , Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho , Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo , Maria Dolores Rodríguez-Frías , Dmytro Rogozin , Jaime Rosado , Markus Roth , Esteban Roulet , Adrian Rovero , Steven J. Saffi , Alexandra Saftoiu , Humberto Salazar , Ahmed Saleh , Francisco Salesa Greus , Gaetano Salina , Jose Sanabria Gomez , Federico Sánchez , Patricia Sanchez-Lucas , Edivaldo Moura Santos , Eva Santos , Fred Sarazin , Biswaijt Sarkar , Raul Sarmento , Christian Sarmiento-Cano , Ricardo Sato , Carlos Scarso , Markus Schauer , Viviana Scherini , Harald Schieler , David Schmidt , Olaf Scholten , Harm Schoorlemmer , Petr Schovánek , Frank G. Schröder , Alexander Schulz , Johannes Schulz , Johannes Schumacher , Sergio Sciutto , Alberto Segreto , Mariangela Settimo , Amir Shadkam , Ronald C. Shellard , Guenter Sigl , Octavian Sima , Andrzej Śmiałkowski , Radomir Šmída , Gregory Snow , Paul Sommers , Sebastian Sonntag , J. Sorokin , Ruben Squartini , Yogendra N. Srivastava , Denis Stanca , Samo Stanič , James Stapleton , Jaroslaw Stasielak , Maurice Stephan , Anne Stutz , Federico Suarez , Mauricio Suarez Durán , Tiina Suomijärvi , A. Daniel Supanitsky , Michael Sutherland , John Swain , Zbigniew Szadkowski , Oscar Alejandro Taborda , Alex Tapia , Andreas Tepe , Vanessa Menezes Theodoro , Omar Tibolla , Charles Timmermans , Carlos J. Todero Peixoto , Gabriel Toma , Lenka Tomankova , Bernardo Tomé , Aurelio Tonachini , Guillermo Torralba Elipe , Diego Torres Machado , Petr Travnicek , Marta Trini , Ralf Ulrich , Michael Unger , Martin Urban , Jose F. Valdés Galicia , Ines Valiño , Laura Valore , Guus van Aar , Patrick van Bodegom , Ad M. van den Berg , Sjoert van Velzen , Arjen van Vliet , Enrique Varela , Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas , Gary Varner , Rafael Vasquez , Jose R. Vázquez , Ricardo Vázquez , Darko Veberič , Valerio Verzi , Jakub Vicha , Mariela Videla , Luis Villaseñor , Brian Vlcek , Serguei Vorobiov , Hernan Wahlberg , Oscar Wainberg , David Walz , Alan Watson , Marc Weber , Klaus Weidenhaupt , Andreas Weindl , Christoph Welling , Felix Werner , Allan Widom , Lawrence Wiencke , Henryk Wilczyński , Tobias Winchen , David Wittkowski , Brian Wundheiler , Sarka Wykes , Lili Yang , Tolga Yapici , Alexey Yushkov , Enrique Zas , Danilo Zavrtanik , Marko Zavrtanik , Arnulfo Zepeda , Benedikt Zimmermann , Michael Ziolkowski , Francesca Zuccarello
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